For the first time, the morphological and anatomical structure of vegetative and generative organs, the localization of secretory ducts in the underground and aboveground parts of the species plants were studied. New GIS technologies were used to elucidate the spatial structure of the rare endemic species Komarovia anisosperma of the monotypic genus Komarovia Korovin of the Apiaceae family. The performed analysis showed the most significant diagnostic features of the studied organs, such as a deep taproot system, the presence of a multi-branched caudex, underdeveloped stem leaves or stem leaves reduced to sheaths, the central cylinder of the main root showing separate concentric circles of large and small vascular bundles, the presence of numerous secretory ducts in the secondary root cortex, strongly elongated palisade leaf cells etc. As a result of phytochemical study, extracts of Komarovia anisosperma roots and inflorescences were analyzed. According to our data, the main component of underground organs from terpenes was α-muurolene, and for inflorescences it was α-curcumene. Grid mapping showed that the species is mainly concentrated in the Samarkand and Kashkadarya regions, where the most favorable conditions for its growth are found. These areas are the natural area of origin of the species, and the establishment of a protected natural area has led to an increase in the number of natural populations.
Ferula foetida (Bunge) Regel and Ferula tadshikorum Pimenov are widely used in folk medicine and in the pharmaceutical industry. As a result of their use in the pharmaceutical industry, their populations are widely declining. This article presents the bio-morphological characteristics of Ferula foetida and Ferula tadshikorum under plantation conditions. In 2014-2021, plantations of Ferula foetida and Ferula tadshikorum were established on 20 hectares of arable land in Arnasay district, Jizzakh region, Uzbekistan. In February, March, April, and May 2018-2020, the growth dynamics, size of leaves and the morpho-biological classification of roots of 2 to 6-year-old Ferula foetida and Ferula tadshikorum were studied under plantation conditions. In the second year, both species had 2 whole normal leaves and from the third to the sixth-year different numbers of leaves were developed depending on the age of the plant and the remains of last year's leaf petiole were maintained at the base of the plant. The shape and color of the roots differed, with Ferula tadshikorum roots being cylindrical, dark brown and Ferula foetida barrel-shaped and light liver-colored. All experiments were carried out in arable and conditionally irrigated areas characterized by relatively low rainfall and gray and gray-grass-type soils. During the 1st to 6th year of growth of Ferula tadshikorum and Ferula foetida specific features of their bio-morphological characteristics under new growth conditions were studied and it was found that they could be planted in unirrigated areas.
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