ABSTRACT:This work shows that the small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) intensity of dewaxed cotton of local origin at 25°C deviates from Porod's law establishing that cotton at 25°C falls under non-ideal two-phase structure characterised by continuous variation of electron density at the phase boundary. Therefore the mean square of the electron density gradient 1 and >2 , the volume fraction of two phases, i.e., matter and void, le, the length of coherence, T,_ and T,_, the transversal lengths, T,, the range of inhomogeneity and 2E/D, the volume fraction of the transition layer. Two values of E have been obtained by the method of Vonk and Ruland. The SAXS intensity data of cotton sample was obtained by a technique using a compact Kratky camera.KEY WORDS Back Ground Corrected SAXS Intensity/ Cellulose/ Width of Transition Layer / Correlation Functions / Transverse Periodicity / Cotton as a natural fibre finds extensive use in day to day life. Cotton fibres, like most vegetable fibres are essentially cellulosic in nature and the percentage of cellulose is as high as 96% in unpurified cotton. The other components of cotton are protein 1.1-1.9%, pectic substance 0.7-1.2%, ash 0.7-1.6%, wax 0.4-1.0% and few other trace materials. However purified cotton contains 99. 7% pure cellulose. 4 The cellulose in cotton is in the form of fibrils which spiral at an angle to the length axis of the cell. It is arranged in several ordered levels of orientation in the fibre. At the molecular level, the long molecules are shown by Xray diffraction to be arranged into highly ordered crystalline regions. X-Ray diffraction is considered the basic method for the structural studies of polymer solids, because of direct relationship between the diffraction pattern and order. 5 As cotton is cellulosic in nature and comes under macromolecular system, a small an-gle X-ray scattering (SAXS) study has been undertaken to throw some light on its macromolecular structure.Small angle X-ray scattering takes place in systems having macromolecular structure. The electron density difference between the two phases of the system, which occurs over a distance of 100 to 1000 A, causes small angle X-ray scattering. This phenomenon was first observed by Krishnamurti,6 were applied to obtain physical parameters of densely packed system for an ideal two-phase structure having sharply defined phase boundaries, where it was observed that the product /(_0). 0 3 comes out to be a constant at a large scattering angle. Here, 0 is half the scattering angle and l is the smeared-out intensity.However, ...