They settled on localities where there were Sámi nomadic routes and along the Málatvuotna/Malangen Fjord where there were Coastal Sámi settlements. In the same area, Johanne Volden (1979) focused on the conflicts between the markebygds, the Sámi reindeerherding population and the Norwegian colonists in the last part of the 19th century.
The concept of localizationThe markebygds are located in the provinces of Romssa/Troms and Nordlándda/Nordland from the Málatvuotna/Malangen Fjord and southwards. The settlement pattern forms a neat network where the Norwegian settlements are intertwined with the old (i.e. pre-markebygd) Coastal Sámi settlements, the areas used by the nomads and the markebygds. The markebygds make up rural districts which developed in the coastal area from the 18th century onward. I want to put forward the hypothesis that the change of settlement pattern in these areas can possibly be connected to the widespread old Sámi coastal settlements in the Ofuohtta/Ofoten and Southern Romssa/Troms area (Andersen
This article examines the roles of two Norwegian museums; the Ethnographic Museum in Oslo and Tromsø Museum in Northern Norway, in relation to the production of Sámi research from the end of the nineteenth century until the Post World War II years. By emphasising the academic development of Ole Solberg, Just Qvigstad, Gutorm Gjessing, Knut Kolsrud and Ørnulv Vorren and the development of professional networks, the article calls attention to the establishment of a research strategy in 1913, the establishment of the Institute of Comparative Research in 1923, and the effects of these for studies of Sámi culture and society. Moreover, the article argues that the ethnographer Ørnulv Vorren and Tromsø Museum became important contributors to the advancement of Sámi research and the bolstering of the Sámi ethno-political movement.
<p>Focusing on women’s and men’s participation, this article sheds light on the reindeer herding on the island of Hinnøya and in the southern areas of the county of Troms, Northern Norway, during the 18<sup>th</sup> and 19<sup>th</sup> centuries. In this region the Sámi and the Norwegian populations have been living side by side for a long period. In addition to hunting and gathering, the economy of the Sámi population was based on farming, fishing, and reindeer herding. Based on a variety of scant sources, the study focuses on the organization of the household and the concept of household as applied to a reindeer herding population. Who was participating in the reindeer herding and how was it organized? Men’s and women’s roles in the household, their economic contributions and their attachments to specific places and areas, are also studied. Public documents such as assize minutes, tax registers, censuses and court testimonies dating from the 1740s onwards have been analysed with regard to ethnographic and biographical studies. The four mentioned sources allow for different approaches to the analysis of gender perspectives, families, kinship, female and male participation, household organizations, economic activities and land use. By comparing this material with ethnographic studies and travel literature, selected individuals are followed – at least partly – through the different phases of their lifetime. Their roles within the household, their social status and kinship shed light on different conditions of their economic base. It is shown, in a systematic discussion of the sources related to specific regions, that women contributed to and participated in the reindeer herding as a part of a combined economy. However, the sources are insufficient for a full reconstruction of the Sámi households in this geographical area.</p>
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