Over the last three decades, topics relating to young peoples leisure time have become increasingly more present in academic literature. Among the numerous studies that delve into this subject, results point towards a relationship between the way teenagers spend their leisure time and their gender. In this study we wanted to answer the question if gender differences were evident in the way secondary school students in Serbia spent their leisure time. This problem was not looked into in more detail among secondary school students in Serbia. We conducted a survey on a sample of 922 secondary school teenagers from the 1st to 4th grade (ages 15-19) from nine Serbian towns. Research in this field commonly uses the rating scale. In this paper we have constructed an instrument that represents a methodological innovation in approaching a particular set of problems. It was a questionnaire. The task was to name all the activities they participated in, and the time frame in which the activities took place, over the course of one weekday and the Saturday of the previous week. The activities which best differentiate these two groups of surveyed teenagers are: sports, studying, computer use, spending time at friends' homes and grooming. We did not discover differences in participating in creative activities while foreign studies show that such activities are more typical for girls.
A questionnaire study of 26,228 pupils of grades 3 through 8 in 50 primary schools across Serbia, conducted in spring 2006, indicated that in a three-month period, 65.3% of the pupils stated that they experienced some form of peer violence (the percentage varies by school, between 48% and 80%). An analysis of repeated violence cases identifies 20.7% of the pupils as victims, 3.8% as perpetrators of violence, and 3.6% as victims/perpetrators. Adult violence is reported by 35.7% of the pupils, while 42% have witnessed verbal aggression of pupils towards teachers. The most frequent forms of peer violence reported were insults (45.6%) and plotting (32.6%). Boys declared themselves as perpetrators of violence somewhat more frequently than girls, and they were somewhat more often exposed to peer and adult violence. Older pupils were more frequently violent and more often reported adult violence, while age differences in exposure to violence were minimal.
This is an attempt to place the problem of textbook theory into a new frame of reference provided by cultural-historical theory of development, using the idea about cultural-historical mediation of individual development and concept of CST as a basic analytical concepts. The new frame of reference introduces a new language on textbooks, opening a range of new research problems, while dealing with the old ones in a new and more complex way. Textbook is shifted from the usual pedagogic-didactic setting and placed in a more basic and cultural context. The paper is an attempt to bring the concept of cultural tools to a completely operational level, as well as to test the actual power of that concept by identifying CST in textbooks. Furthermore, this paper is an attempt elaborate the forms of social assistance that constitute the zone of proximal development, seen as the characteristics of joint activities of the child and a more competent participant (which is "hidden”, i.e., indirectly present, in this case). Vygotsky never specified the forms of social assistance, but rather gave general prescriptions (Moll, 1990), thus presenting one of the central theoretical and practical tasks for the followers of his ideas
In this research we have tried to identify typical patterns of young people's behavior in their spare time and to use these patterns in order to group our subjects regarding their interests and preferences. Main-component analysis showed that it was possible to find different patterns of secondary school students' behavior in spare time as well as that the identified models could be the criteria for grouping them. Five patterns have been identified describing youth orientations towards their free time: academic orientation, orientation towards sports, orientation towards entertainment, orientation towards spending time going out and orientation towards music and computers
Cilj ovog istraživanja je da ispitamo kako mladi u Srbiji koriste slobodno vreme i koliko su njihove aktivnosti podsticajne sa stanovišta pozitivnog razvoja. Analizirali smo količinu vremena koju mladi dnevno provode u različitim kategorijama aktivnosti, zasnovanim na stepenu mentalnog i fizičkog angažovanja, primarnom cilju aktivnosti i stepenu strukturisanosti. Primenjena je metoda 24-časovnog vremenskog dnevnika: ispitanici su hronološki, po polučasovnim intervalima, opisali svoje aktivnosti tokom jednog radnog dana i jednog dana vikenda. U analizi podataka korišćen je pristup zasnovan na rekonstrukciji tipičnog dana. Istraživanje je obavljeno na reprezentativnom uzorku srednjoškolaca u Srbiji (N=922), stratifikovanom po regionu, uzrastu i tipu škole. Analiza je pokazala da mladi provode najveći deo slobodnog vremena u aktivnostima koje ne zahtevaju posebno mentalno ili fizičko angažovanje. U hipotetičkom danu naših tinejdžera, najviše su zastupljene aktivnosti kojima je cilj zabava i relaksacija, kao i nestrukturuisano druženje sa vršnjacima. Veoma malo su zastupljene individualne ili organizovane aktivnosti, usmerene ka aktualizaciji stvaralačkih potencijala i razvoju interesovanja i kompetencija (sekcije, hobi, volontiranje, itd.). Primetno je i da mladi provode najveći deo slobodnog vremena u nestrukturisanim aktivnostima, bez nadzora i sistematskog vođenja od strane odraslih. Verujemo da je deprimirajuća slika o slobodnom vremenu naših srednjoškolaca bar delom posledica nedovoljne sociokulturne podrške razvojno podsticajnijim načinima korišćenja vremena, u vidu organizovanih aktivnosti u školi i zajednici.
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