The effect of rooting media and number of nodes per cutting on nursery performance of vanilla fragrance were evaluated in South-western Ethiopia in 2011/ 2012. Six rooting media (forest soil, decomposed animal manure, fine sand, 1:1 mixture of forest soil: fine sand, 1:1 mixture of decomposed animal manure: fine sand and 1:1:1 mixture of forest soil: decomposed animal manure: fine sand) and four levels of node number (two, three, four, and five node cutting) were used in this experiment. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. The result revealed that interaction between the two factors was significant (P0.05) for all parameters studied except sprouting percentage and root number. The highest shoot length, shoot girth, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weigh, leaf number, leaf area, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight and root to shoot ratio were obtained from four node cuttings grown on a 1:1:1 mixture of forest soil: decomposed animal manure: fine sand rooting media, with the exception of the highest root length and rooting percentage of cuttings obtained from the rooting media containing pure sand. In addition highest root fresh weight, root volume and root dry weight were obtained from five nodal cuttings. Two nodal cutting grown on decomposed animal manure and pure fine sand media showed lower root initiation and shoot growth.
The experiment was undertaken to identify the appropriate stage of harvesting of berries to prepare quality pepper for whole use or for extraction purpose to get better oleoresin and essential oil yield. Harvesting of berries from five pepper cultivars was carried out at 3.5, 4.5, 5.5, and 6.5 months after 70% set of the berries. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications at Teppi Agricultural Research Sub-center, Southwestern Ethiopia. Generally, peppercorn boldness and color improved with delayed harvest; 5.5 months after fruit set being the optimum. Five of the cultivars showed comparable oleoresin and volatile oil contents. The oleoresin content ranged from 13.63 to 16.01% whereas the volatile oil content ranged from 3.18 to 3.53%. Both were found to be within the acceptable ranges. The highest oleoresin (19.41%) and volatile oil (4.95%) yields were obtained from earlier harvest (3.5 months after fruit set) and decreased as harvest stages delayed. In general, it is recommended that the spikes be harvested 3.5 months after 70% fruit set to get higher oleoresin or volatile oil yield and 5.5 months after fruit set if it is intended for use as whole or in ground form.
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