BackgroundFor physiological as well as behavioral reasons, sexual debut increases young individuals’ risk for infection with sexually transmitted infection including HIV. It is fundamental to recognize the factors related to sexual debut in a broader context for designing and implementing effective interventions targeting youth.MethodsCommunity-based cross-sectional study was employed from January to May, 2013 among females of Ambo town. A multistage sampling technique was applied. The participants were selected using simple random sampling technique. Face to face interview using structured and pretested questionnaires were used to collect thedata from the study participants. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of sexual initiation.ResultsThree hundred seventeen (49.9%) of the respondents have ever had sex. The mean age at first sexual initiation was 16.6 (SD ±2.3) years. Being in age group 20-24 [Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) & (95% CI) = 2.75 (1.74, 4.34)], Educational level [AOR& (95% CI) = 0.20 (0.08, 0.48)], being in school [AOR& (95% CI) = 0.19 (0.11, 0.33)], having paid job [AOR& (95% CI) = 2.20 (1.19, 4.07)], peer pressure [AOR& (95% CI) = 3.20 (2.08, 4.94)], alcohol consumption [AOR& (95% CI) = 2.17 (1.43, 3.28)], and pornographic materials [AOR& (95% CI) = 2.27 (1.43, 3.61)] had significant association with sexual initiation.ConclusionSubstantial numbers of females had started sexual activity that might expose them to different reproductive health problems. In general age group, peer pressure, alcohol consumption and watching pornographic materials were found to be predictors for the sexual debut. Therefore, building life skills, establishing youth friendly clubs should be intensified.

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in Ethiopian women. About 77.6% of women died of 6294 new cases reported in 2019. Early screening for cervical cancer has substantially reduced morbidity and mortality attributed to it. In Ethiopia, most of the women visit the health facilities at the late stage of the disease in which the offered intervention is not promising. Therefore, we aimed to assess the level of cervical cancer screening uptake and its determinant among women of Ambo town, Ethiopia. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 women aged 20-65 years. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Estimates were presented using an odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI. Statistical significance was declared at a p value of <0.05. Results:In the present study, 392 women were participated giving a response rate of 93%. Only 8.7% (34) of the study participants were received cervical cancer screening in their lifetime. Being in the age group of 30-39 years (AOR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.22, 8.36), having cervical cancer-related discussions with a healthcare provider (AOR = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.17, 10.7), and knowing the availability of cervical cancer screening service (AOR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.03, 7.87) were significantly associated with uptake of cervical cancer screening. Conclusion:In this study, cervical cancer screening uptake is very low. Our study identifies clues for determinants of cervical cancer screening uptake. Thus, further studies using a better study design might be helpful to explore determinants of low utilization of CC screening services and suggest an appropriate intervention that increases CC screening uptake in the study area.

Background: Premature sexual debut increases the likely-hood of having many sexual partners, early pregnancy, unintended pregnancy, abortion and its complications. Moreover, the age at primary sex is affected by numerous of factors and this makes the consequences much more serious. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore determinants that affect high school female students.

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the principal causes of cancer death among women worldwide. It is the second most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in Ethiopian women; about 77.6% of women died of 6,294 new cases reported in 2019. Early screening for cervical cancer has substantial advantage to reduce the incidence, morbidity, and mortality attributed to cervical cancer. So far, there are limited evidence on the level of cervical cancer screening uptake and its determinant in low- and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. Consequently, the current study aimed to assess the level of cervical cancer screening uptake and its determinant among women of Ambo town, western Oromia, Ethiopia.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 422 women aged 20-65years. Systematic random sampling was employed to recruit the eligible women from randomly selected sub-districts found in Ambo town. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Epi info was used for data entry and management from which it was exported to SPSS version 25 for detailed analysis. Variables in binary logistic regression with a p-value <0.25 were candidate for multivariable logistic regression. Estimates were presented using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI. Statistical Significance was declared at p value<0.05.Results: In the present study 392 women were participated giving a response rate of 93%. Overall, 63% of the respondents were known the availability of cervical cancer screening service. Only 8.7% (34) of the study participants were received cervical cancer screening in their lifetime. Being in the age group of 30-39 years (AOR=3.2; 95% CI [1.22, 8.36]) and 40-49years (AOR=4.8; 95% CI [1.42, 16.41]), having cervical cancer related discussion with health care provider (AOR=3.5; 95% CI [1.17, 10.7]), and knowing availability cervical cancer screening service (AOR=2.8; 95% CI [1.03, 7.87]) were significantly associated with uptake of cervical cancer screening. Conclusion: In this study, cervical cancer screening uptake is very low. The study also highlighted important factors that affect uptake of cervical cancer screening service. Therefore, this study result call urgent interventions by all stockholders to increase cervical cancer service uptake through continues promotions and by securing its availability and accessibility for all eligible women at all levels.

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