Article original In vitro expression of the organogenic capacities of the axillary buds of plantain (Musa spp.) suckers. Abstract-Introduction. The micropropagation of banana is usually carried out starting from shoot tips, therefore starting from only one explant per sucker. In addition, the production of vitroplants is often limited by the availability of suckers and the percentage of somaclonal variations increases with the number of subcultures. It would be thus interesting to have a greater number of explants per sucker to produce the same number of vitroplants but with fewer subcultures. The exploitation of the axillary buds present in great number on a banana sucker would make it possible to increase the number of explants usable for its multiplication. Thus, the objective of our work was to evaluate the capacities of the in vitro proliferation of the axillary buds compared with those of shoot tips. Materials and methods. Shoot tips and axillary buds taken from cultivar Big Ebanga (AAB, plantain False Horn) suckers were subjected to three types of disinfection: a disinfection by buckling, a modified traditional disinfection and a traditional disinfection. They were then placed to grow on MS culture medium. The effect of several concentrations in benzylaminopurine (BA, cytokinin) was studied regarding the precocity of the axillary bud proliferation. Results and discussion. Traditional disinfection gave the lowest rates of infection: 30% for the axillary buds and 5% for the shoot tips. The axillary buds proliferated precociously and produced adventitious buds as of the first subculture whereas the shoot tip explants proliferated only starting from the second or the third subculture. This early proliferation was accelerated in the presence of (2 and 4) mg BA•L-1. The number of shoots given by each type of bud was not significantly different. Conclusion. The axillary buds are a good starting material for in vitro culture. Their use makes it possible to regenerate a great number of vitroplants starting from only one sucker and, thus, increases the potentialities of in vitro production of healthy plantain vegetal material. The conformity of the seedlings resulting from these axillary buds will be the subject of future studies in the field. Cameroon / Musa (plantains) / micropropagation / organogenesis / explants / apical meristems / tissue proliferation / shoots Expression in vitro des capacités organogènes des bourgeons axillaires chez le bananier plantain (Musa spp.). Cameroun / Musa (plantains) / micropropagation / organogénèse / explant / méristème apical / prolifération des tissus / pousse Centre africain de recherches sur bananiers et plantains (Carbap), BP 832, Douala, Cameroun Expression in vitro des capacités organogènes des bourgeons axillaires chez le bananier plantain (Musa spp.
--Introduction. Plantain banana contributes to the food safety and incomes of subSaharan Africa's inhabitants. The use of healthy plants in banana plantations is an important factor for their establishment. Different methods have been developed to produce plant material free of disease, such as in vivo and in vitro multiplication. In vitro micropropagation by budding allows the production of many plants free of disease. The in vitro multiplication of banana usually takes only one shoot tip (sh t ) per sucker. However, a sucker contains many axillary buds (ax b ), whose potentialities we evaluated. Materials and methods. Our experiments related to the cultivar Big Ebanga (AAB, plantain false horn). During acclimatization under shade and in the field, we compared growth and development parameters of vitroplants resulting from the two types of explants, sh t and ax b . Plants resulting from suckers were used as control. Results. Parameters measured on the plants resulting from ax b did not present significant differences at the end of the acclimatization phase compared with the plants from sh t , except for the foliar ratio. In the same way, parameters of vegetative growth in the field and those related to the yield were not significantly different between the two types of plants, ax b and sh t . The reversion percentages of the type "false horn" towards the type "french" were 0.6% for the sh t plants and 1.2% for the ax b plants. Discussion and conclusion. Plants resulting from sh t and ax b behaved in the same manner during the acclimatization phase and in the field. The use of ax b makes it possible to increase the potentialities of in vitro production of healthy vegetable material. The reversion rate of the plants given by ax b was weak. The ax b can thus be used like explants for the micropropagation of bananas. The same experiments on other cultivars pertaining to other genomic groups will make it possible to confirm or cancel these results.
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