In order to establish the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, (DM) a cross-sectional study was conducted in these patients studying their anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure and metabolic control. To evaluate the presence of LVH, a trans-thoracic echocardiogram was used. The study included 91 patients, finding a 63.7% prevalence of HVI, with women being more affected than men (p=0.001). Additionally, 46.2% of patients were found to have diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle. We conclude that there is an important prevalence of LVH in diabetic patients without defined causes of hypertrophy. There was no association with sex, metabolic control, BMI and time of diagnosis.
We describe the cases of two patients with fever initially diagnosed as dengue and urinary tract infection. The patients were inmates of the same prison and were in contact with stagnant drinking water, which is considered to be the likely site of contamination, about 2 weeks before the onset of the symptoms during the carnival celebrations. The time between the hospital admission and suspected leptospirosis (and starting specific treatment) was four days for the patient in case 1 and two days for case 2; between admission and laboratory diagnostic confirmation was ten days for case 1 and four days for case 2. We conclude that Leptospirosis is not considered as an option in the initial differential diagnosis but only after ruling out other pathologies.
RESUMENCon el objetivo de establecer la prevalencia de hipertrofia ventricular izquierda (HVI) en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM), se realizó un estudio transversal en estos pacientes, estableciendo sus características antropométricas, presión arterial y control metabólico. Para evaluar la presencia de HVI se empleó ecocardiografía transtorácica. El estudio incluyó 91 pacientes, en los cuales la prevalencia de HVI fue de 63,7%, siendo más frecuente en mujeres que en varones (p=0,001). Adicionalmente, se encontró un 46,2% de pacientes con disfunción diastólica del ventrículo izquierdo. Se concluye que existe una importante prevalencia de HVI en pacientes diabéticos sin antecedentes de causas definidas de hipertrofia. No se encontró relación con sexo, control metabólico, IMC y tiempo de diagnóstico. ABSTRACTIn order to establish the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, (DM) a cross-sectional study was conducted in these patients studying their anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure and metabolic control. To evaluate the presence of LVH, a trans-thoracic echocardiogram was used. The study included 91 patients, finding a 63.7% prevalence of HVI, with women being more affected than men (p=0.001). Additionally, 46.2% of patients were found to have diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle. We conclude that there is an important prevalence of LVH in diabetic patients without defined causes of hypertrophy. There was no association with sex, metabolic control, BMI and time of diagnosis.
If we remember very superficially a little about the complex human immune system, a part of this immune system is made up of leukocytes (especially phagocytes and lymphocytes) that are responsible for detecting invaders and sending them defensive markers that adhere to them (the antibodies) and also to destroy the invaders identified by the system; In addition to the already mentioned leukocytes, our immune system is made up of various other elements such as cells, proteins, tissues and organs, which defend us against germs and microorganisms. 1, 2 Speaking specifically about the immune system and COVID-19, the events mainly involved in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and the dysregulation of the immune response include lymphopenia and increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, cytokines, lymphocyte depletion and dysfunction, antibody-dependent enhancement, and monocyte and granulocyte abnormalities. It must be emphasized that lymphopenia is an essential finding in most patients with COVID-19, particularly in those with a severe phenotype.3 It has been shown that multiple viral proteins induce T cells after infection and that T cells that have antiviral signatures related to safety and protection can be achieved by vaccination.4
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.