El desarrollo de nanomateriales cerámicos con propiedades autolimpiantes es un campo de investigación importante ya que pueden ser usados en diferentes sectores como la industria textil, aeroespacial, automotriz y en elementos de protección biomédica. En este contexto, el objetivo del trabajo es analizar e identificar las tendencias mundiales en investigación, nivel de innovación, así como las tecnologías emergentes en el desarrollo de nanopartículas de TiO2/ZnO con propiedades antibacteriales y autolimpiantes; a partir del seguimiento tecnológico de patentes y Trabajos académicos mediante el uso de métodos bibliométricos usando el software de análisis bibliométrico Lens. Se estimaron las etapas de desarrollo tecnológico a través del modelo logístico usando el software Loglet Lab 4 y se calcularon los parámetros de Yoon, tasa de madurez tecnológica (TMR), patentes potenciales por aparecer (EPP), tiempo de vida remanente (ERL), con 4 indicadores definidos: Patentes otorgadas (i1), aplicaciones de patentes (i2), trabajos académicos (i3) y capital humano (i4). La tendencia tecnológica de las patentes para el primer periodo (período I) se enfocaron en el desarrollo de procesos de catálisis, mientras que en el período II en tecnología de fabricación de cosméticos y desinfectantes. En el período III aparece la nanotecnología aplicada en cosméticos y procesos de desinfección, finalmente, en el período IV se observó una tendencia hacia los procesos de desinfección y recubrimientos, así como también la cantidad de aplicaciones de patentes para este período. Japón es el país líder en esta tecnología actualmente y la compañía Gearbox LLC encabeza la lista de mayor cantidad de patentes otorgadas. Esta tecnología de superficies autolimpiantes registró en promedio una tasa de madurez del 51.48%, con lo cual se ubica en una etapa de madurez, siendo una tecnología catalogada en el inicio de su fase como “tecnología líder” con posibilidad de inversión en el desarrollo de nuevos productos y procesos.
Alianza Casabe, a Technical Collaboration venture between Ecopetrol and Schlumberger in Colombia, was finding that ensuring data integrity between the planning, finance and economic models being used by different stakeholders for investment decisions required a substantial amount of interaction and data reconciliation. Economic scenarios were only appraised at a high level of granularity, reducing the ability to factor in economic metrics at the individual well or projects level, as part of the selection of the best possible portfolio. At the same time, existing systems were turning all planning milestones into protracted exercises demanding very high effort by all participants to deal with the intense manual data manipulation, reconciliation and quality control required. Alianza Casabe set out to enhance and simplify the planning processes, to improve efficiency in annual work plan preparation, facilitate performance tracking during execution and most important improve overall investment decisions quality. The deployment presented several challenges to the planning team including: alignment of expectations across the Organization, rationalization of existing processes, definition of roles and responsibilities over the new solution, natural resistance to change, and the sheer technical complexity and breadth of the multiple integrations with incumbent systems that the deployment entailed. Post deployment, Alianza Casabe experienced numerous benefits: Planning, finance, and economic models were now based on the exact same source data; the permanent availability of an "evergreen" view of the project portfolio enabled a faster reaction time to deviations from plan during execution and a faster reassessment of the portfolio in front of changing market conditions; increased execution efficiency due to better pre-requisites planning, rig scheduling and control; the unavoidable changes introduced to the plan due to rig scheduling, and their business ramifications, were visible with a much higher frequency and quality; trust in plan data and its successive updates across the stakeholder community was greatly increased; there was a substantial reduction in the effort required to handle data, due to the system integrations deployed; the generation of plan variants and what-if scenarios was significantly enhanced; quality of decisions enriched with dynamic economic information. In conclusion, over a three years cycle, Alianza Casabe has seen a substantial improvement in its planning processes: the effort involved in the generation of a single version of the plan was halved, while providing much greater confidence in the plan data and a very substantial reduction in QC time; the integrity gap they experienced between the planning, finance and economic models was eliminated; the use of economics for project high grading was utilized at a higher granularity level; robustness, traceability and reliability of planning data was greatly improved, leading to a more timely availability of reliable information; better support for the PDCA cycle (Plan, Do, Check, Act), enabled continuous improvement of the planning process. Management is now empowered to carry out faster and more frequent reappraisals of the project portfolio, with full consideration of the economic impact of business decisions.
Shaya Consortium ramped up its production from 60 KBOPD to almost 85 KBOPD as a result of an agile execution of its Field Development Plan, made of infill drilling, workover interventions, and full-field expansion of waterflooding. This combined activity made the planning process very complex and dynamic due to the high volume of operations and scenario evaluation. Additionally, the consortium was requested to provide a weekly production forecast to its major stakeholders highlighting all deviations from the original execution plan and remedial activities to come back on track. The proposed application tool has simplified and automated the forecasting processes using short-term updates of the executed activities from field reports, current well status, planned workover interventions, and new wells drilling schedule. Any deviation of the Annual Work Plan due to schedule variance or well performance is automatically adjusted by the tool, creating a new forecast to End-Of-Year or Quarter even Weekly, thus, reflecting the impact on the estimated recoverable volumes. The tool pulls information from different sources and consolidates them in a single unified environment, not only for forecasting but also as a visualization and analysis tool. Furthermore, it has several modules to facilitate the control of official type curves, scenario profiles for the Annual Work Plan, and it is fully linked to key corporate applications. This paper presents the development of a production forecasting tool that introduced a new way of working within the Shaya Production Team by improving activity scheduling and overcome underperforming new wells, keeping the operations team informed to facilitate the production management.
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