Resumen. El fenómeno conocido como 'marcado diferencial' de argumentos se manifiesta en la presencia de una marca casual particular que distingue unos referentes de otros en una determinada función, tal como sucede en español con los complementos directos que llevan la preposición a. El factor que más atención ha recibido en los intentos de explicar el fenómeno es la sabida 'jerarquía de animación', según la cual el marcado diferencial tiende a incidir en participantes que cumplen funciones no esperadas dada su posición en la jerarquía. Así, los seres humanos que actúan como 'paciente' en un evento, en lugar de tomar la función de agente que les corresponde, son los que más atraen la preposición a en español. En este trabajo, siguiendo nuevas vertientes de análisis, exploramos el marcado diferencial de la función locativa de 'meta' en español desde la perspectiva de los estudios tipológicos desarrollados en torno a este tema. Establecemos que el oficio de servir de punto de referencia espacial lo desempeñan canónicamente entidades inanimadas, de bajo rango jerárquico, y examinamos las formas de marcado diferencial que genera la asignación del papel de meta a una persona.Palabras chave: complemento indirecto, español, función 'meta', jerarquía de animación, marcado diferencial.AbstRAct. The phenomenon known as 'differential argument marking' shows up when a clausal constituent carries a special case marker that distinguishes it from other referents filling the same VERBA, ISSN 0210-377X, 2017, vol. 44: 195-230 SECCIÓN: ARTIGOS http://dx.
-Aim: the aim was to investigate the influence of a maximal isometric muscle action of the elbow extensors on the contralateral dynamic task of the elbow flexors. Methods: Seventeen recreationally trained men (23.3 ± 4.9 yrs, BMI: 24.8 ± 2.2 Kg/m²) underwent two randomized different testing sessions separated by one week. In the control session (CON) all subjects performed a maximum number of repetitions test (RMs) at 75%1RM using the right elbow flexors. The experimental session (EXP) was similar to the CON; however, all subjects were instructed to perform RMs at 75%1RM by using the right elbow flexors and maintaining the maximal voluntary contraction of the left elbow extensors during the test. RMs, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and training volume (TV) were measured and compared between sessions. Results: The EXP showed a significant 10.4% increase on the RMs (13.8 vs. 12.5, p < 0.001, d = 0.44) and 12.1% increase in TV (238.0 vs. 212.4 kg, p < 0.001, d = 0.43) than CON. No differences were observed for RPE between sessions. Conclusion: The maximum voluntary contraction of the left elbow extensors increased the RMs of the contralateral elbow flexors, reflecting a higher TV, and no differences in the RPE. Our results suggest that the investigated method may be a viable and practical alternative to increase the acute strength performance of elbow flexors when using submaximal loads.
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