JOSÉ RAMOS MUÑOZ (*) SALVADOR DOMÍNGUEZ-BELLA (**) DIEGO MORATA CÉSPEDES (**) MANUELA PÉREZ RODRÍGUEZ (*) MANUEL MONTAÑÉS CABALLERO (*) VICENTE CASTAÑEDA FERNÁNDEZ (*) NURIA HERRERO LAPAZ (*) MARÍA EUGENIA GARCÍA PANTOJA (*) RESUMEN ABSTRACT Los trabajos sobre la Prehistoria de la comarca de La Janda (provincia de Cádiz) fueron realizados a principios de siglo desde el Historicismo Cultural. En la presente década nuestro grupo ha llevado a cabo prospecciones arqueológicas sistemáticas y excavaciones de urgencia, con el fin de conformar el proceso histórico de las sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras, tribales y clasistas iniciales, que habitaron la BandaAtlántica de Cádiz. La aplicación de técnicas geoarqueológicas al estudio de los productos arqueológicos y el análisis mineralógico y petrológico, tanto de las materias primas utilizadas como de los materiales geológicos, permiten vislumbrar interesantes aspectos sobre el proceso histórico y económico de dichas formaciones sociales. Studies of the prehistory of the area of La Janda (province of Cadiz) were carried out at the beginning of this century from the perspective of Cultural Historicism. Our group has done systematic archaeological surveys and rescue excavations during this decade, with the aim of studying the historical process of the hunter-gatherer, tribal and early class societies that lived in the Atlantic Band of Cadiz. The application of geoarchaeological and archaeometric techniques to the study of the archaeological products and the mineralogical and petrological analyses of the raw materials, as well as the geological ones, allow us to glimpse interesting aspects about the historical and economic process of these social formations.

Abstract. Gangue minerals from hydrothermal deposits (apatite and carbonates) and their host rocks from three different volcanic areas (SE Spain, La Serena and Melipilla in Coastal Range of Chile) have been studied for broad elemental compositions. Carbonate units at the Au-Cu Palai-Islica epithermal deposit are Fe-Mn-bearing, with a slightly higher concentration of these elements in the orebody than in adjoining hydrothermal alteration zones. Apatite has a composition that correlates with its origin and with hydrothermal processes. Thus, volcanic apatite is Cl-rich, whereas apatite from the associated orebody is almost pure fluorapatite.Furthermore, apatite from hydrothermally altered volcanic rocks has a transitional composition between volcanic and orerelated apatite. Samples of carbonate from Mn, Cu(-Ag) and Ba-Ag deposits in the La Serena area are all Mn-bearing calcite. In addition, Mn(Fe)-poor and Mg-rich calcite is common in low-grade Mn areas. Similar features have been found at the Melipilla Cu (Cu-Ag) deposit where epithermal calcite is also enriched in Mn(+Fe) with respect to non-mineralized veins, carbonate host rock, and metamorphic mineralization. In summary, F in apatite and Mn have been introduced in to carbonate from the La Serena area by hydrothermal fluids and could provide an index of hydrothermal ore-forming activity.