Purpose: To describe the findings in central macular thickness, mean macular thickness, central choroidal thickness, and foveal avascular zone at the superficial and deep retinal plexus, and to compare the results with a group of healthy subjects. Methods: Descriptive study about SS-OCT and OCT-A findings in 28 eyes (14 patients) with electrophoretic confirmation of sickle cell disease and 60 eyes (30 patients) without systemic or ocular disorders. Results: In the sickle cell disease group, median central macular thickness was 194 vs. 229 µm in the healthy subjects group (p < 0.0001). The area of the foveal avascular zone at the superficial plexus showed a median value of 0.347 vs. 0.243 mm 2 (p < 0.0001) and at the deep capillary plexus of 0.461 vs. 0.321 mm 2 in the sickle cell disease and healthy subjects groups, respectively (p < 0.0001). The comparative measures of mean macular thickness and central choroidal thickness did not reveal significant statistical differences between groups. Conclusions: Compared to a healthy control group, patients with sickle cell disease had a statistically significant lower central macular thickness and an enlarged foveal avascular zone at both the superficial and deep plexuses. SS-OCT and OCT-A are non-invasive imaging modalities that provide high resolution images that can be useful to detect anatomic and micro vascular alterations in patients with sickle cell disease.
Describir los cambios en el grosor macular central, el grosor macular promedio, el grosor coroideo central y el área de la zona avascular foveal en los plexos superficial y profundo de pacientes con anemia de células falciformes, y comparar los resultados con un grupo de sujetos sanos. Método: Estudio descriptivo de hallazgos de tomografía de coherencia óptica swept source (SS-OCT) y de angiografía por tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT-A) en 28 ojos de 14 pacientes con anemia de células falciformes confirmado por electroforesis y 60 ojos de 30 personas sanas sin antecedentes patológicos sistémicos ni oculares. Resultados: En el grupo de anemia de células falciformes la mediana del grosor macular central fue de 194 µm, frente a 229 µm en el grupo de personas sanas (p < 0.0001). La mediana de zona avascular foveal en el plexo superficial del grupo de anemia de células falciformes fue de 0.347 mm 2 , frente a 0.243 mm 2 en el grupo sano, y en el plexo vascular profundo la mediana fue de 0.461 frente a 0.321 mm 2 , respectivamente (p < 0.0001). Las medidas comparativas del grosor macular promedio y del grosor coroideo no demostraron diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ambos grupos. Conclusiones: En comparación con el grupo de sanos, los pacientes con anemia de células falciformes presentaron diferencias estadisticamente significativas: menor grosor macular central y aumento del área de la zona avascular foveal en los plexos superficial y profundo. La SS-OCT y la OCT-A son modalidades de estudio no invasivo que proporcionaron imágenes de alta resolución que podrían ser útiles para detectar cambios anatómicos estructurales y microvasculares en ambos plexos en pacientes con anemia de células falciformes.Palabras clave: Anemia de células falciformes. Angiografía por tomografía de coherencia óptica. Plexo capilar profundo. Plexo capilar superficial. Tomografía de coherencia óptica swept source. Zona avascular foveal.
Behçet's disease (BD), also known as "silk road disease" [1], was first described in 1937 [2]. This multisystemic rheumatologic disease is characterized by necrotizing, chronic, and occlusive vasculitis, of unknown cause, which affects arteries and veins, with recurrent self-limited episodes [1-3]. Classically it presents with a triad of oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, and uveitis. Nevertheless, it can also compromise other systems and organs less frequently, such as the central nervous system, cardiovascular, skin, gastrointestinal, renal, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal systems [1][2][3][4].
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