Among biological factors, weeds are the most important limiting factor for crop yields, as well as increasing production costs. The aim was to determine the influence of control and coexistence of weed community on soybean crop yield and to define the period before interference, the critical period of interference prevention and the total period of interference prevention, with the comparative use of chemical and mechanical methods for weed eradication. The study was conducted in an experimental field in the 2018/2019 harvest. A randomized block with four replications was implemented as experimental design, using two methods for control. The evaluated periods were 0-10, 0-20, 0-30, 0-40, 0-50, 0-60 and 130 days after crop emergence. It was possible to observe that the use of the chemical method generated a higher yield compared to mechanical method. The period before the interference in both chemical and mechanical management was similar, approaching 20 days after crop emergence. The critical period of interference prevention was between 20-50 and 40.5 days after crop emergence in chemical and mechanical methods, respectively. The total period of interference prevention was extended to 50 and 40.5 days after crop emergence in chemical and mechanical methods, respectively. The reduction in productivity due to weed interference was 1639 kg ha-1 (55%)and 947 kg ha-1 (34.6%) in chemical and mechanical methods, respectively.
Crop management and herbicide rotation have influenced the sustainability of production systems. The cover crops use and pre-and post-emergence herbicides are important tools that help farmers’ strategies and conserve the agricultural system. In this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate the dry matter production of different cover crops before the establishment of corn, the effect on decreasing weed population, and the increase in corn yield. In addition, the influence of pre-and post-emergence herbicides on summer cultivation, observing the behavior concerning weeds, crop injury, and crop yield. The experiment was conducted during the years 2018-2019 in Sertão/RS - Brazil. The experimental arrangement was of randomized blocks with four replications. The treatments used were three different winter cover crops preceding corn cultivation × four preemergence herbicides × four post-emergence herbicides, totaling 192 experimental units. Going through the results, atrazine and atrazine + simazine used in pre-emergence had more influence on weed number reduction, and the post-emergence ammonium glufosinate herbicide promoted the highest weed control in post-emergence. Amicarbazone and glyphosate resulted in the best combination for corn yield using in pre-and post-emergence, respectively. Rye + turnip + vetch as cover crop resulted in higher biomass production, more significant weed number reduction, and increase corn yield.
Wheat is the most important income-generating crop in southern Brazil during the cold season. It also contributes to the crop rotation system and increases the yield of successive crops. During its growth cycle, herbicides are used to control weeds, which are the main factor limiting wheat productivity. Further, high costs of weed control directly affect crop economic returns. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of two herbicides, namely, 2,4-D and iodosulfuron-methyl, on the productivity of two wheat cultivars during the nine different stages of crop development. The most suitable crop stage for herbicide application, as described in the corresponding label on the package, is at the beginning of tillering. 2,4-D had a significant impact on productivity parameters, reducing the number of tillers, the number of ears, and the number of tillers without grains, while increasing the number of tillers without ears and ears without grains, indicating greater phytotoxicity and, ultimately, reducing crop productivity. Conversely, iodosulfuron-methyl showed greater selectivity to the wheat cultivars tested and caused a much lesser impact on the productivity parameters measured.
O milheto é uma gramínea anual de estação quente que possui porte ereto e alto, usado como fonte de alimento na pecuária e como cobertura de solo no sistema de plantio direto. Por ser uma cultura de baixo valor econômico são raras as informações a seu respeito. O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar a seletividade dos herbicidas atrazine e 2,4-D aplicados isolados ou em associação em diferentes épocas na cultura do milheto. O experimento foi realizado a campo em parcelas de 12 m2 e delineamento de blocos ao acaso, sendo 10 tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 1- testemunha sem capina; 2- testemunha capinada; 3- atrazine em pré-semeadura; 4- atrazine em pós-semeadura; 5- atrazine em V4; 6- 2,4-D em V4; 7- 2,4-D (150% da dose) em V4; 8- atrazine em pré-semeadura + 2,4-D em V4; 9- atrazine em pós-semeadura + 2,4-D em V4, 10- atrazine + 2,4-D em V4. Avaliou-se o número de plantas por metro linear, a fitotoxicidade aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após aplicação, a altura de plantas e a massa seca da parte aérea. Houve redução no estande de plantas com aplicação de atrazine em pré e pós-semeadura. O herbicida 2,4-D apresentou maiores níveis de fitotoxicidade, menor altura de plantas e menor produção de massa seca em todas as avaliações. O herbicida atrazine se apresenta como uma boa alternativa de controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do milheto quando aplicado em V4.
Análise de desempenho financeiro e econômico de uma unidade de produção agropecuária familiar: produção de leite e soja Analysis of financial and economic performance of a family agricultural production unit: milk and soy production
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