Objective: We aimed to investigate the effects of different maternal positions on reactivity of the Nonstress Test (NST), maternal blood pressure and heart rate. Methods: In this experimental study, 243 pregnants were randomized to the position groups (sitting, semi-Fowler's, semi-Fowler's left lateral) at 34-37 and 38-40 gestational weeks. The questionnaire form inquiring socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics and "NST Form" were used. For the statistical comparison of the continuous variables, one-way ANOVA, and independent groups t test were used. Results: Though not statistically significant difference existed, NST reactivity at sitting position was higher than the other positions, and it was higher in 38-40 gestational weeks relative to 34-37 gestational weeks (p>0.05). Results of NST reactivity were evaluated at 4 time periods. Time-to-reactivity in relation to position didn't reveal a significant difference. Independent of the position, we found a significant difference in time to reactivity between 0-5 and 0-10 minutes, and between 0-10 and 0-15 minutes (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in time to reactivity between 0-15 and 0-20 minutes (p>0.05). Fetal heart rate, maternal systolic, diastolic blood pressure levels were similar in all gestational weeks regardless of the position, at baseline and 10 minutes later (p>0.05). Maternal heart rates were significantly different in semifowler left lateral position (p<0.05). Conclusion: As the most comfortable positions for the pregnants NST applications at semi-Fowler's left lateral and sitting positions seem to be more appropriate in order to get higher NTS reactivity results. No significant difference was observed in NTS reactivity between applications at 15 and 20 minutes, so application at 15 minutes may be sufficient for NST evaluation.
Aim: This study aimed to determine the knowledge level of university students outside the health field on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and evaluate the efficacy of educational interventions provided on HPV infection.
Method and Material: This was a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test design. This study was conducted on undergraduate students outside the health field at a public university in Izmir. HPV education was provided to the students in classes with a PowerPoint presentation, and the “Fall in Love, Not in HPV” brochure was distributed.
Results: Of 873 students participating in the pretest, 48.7% and 42.5% heard of HPV infection and vaccine, respectively. While the response rates of the students participating in the pretest of the 16-question HPV knowledge survey ranged from 13.9% to 58.8%, a significant (51.4%–91.6%) increase was observed in the percentage of answers to the posttest HPV questions after the educational intervention (p < 0.001). The total HPV knowledge score was 5.17±4.33in the pre-test, and the post-test was 13.37±2.66 (p<0.001). The biggest barriers to those who did not want to be vaccinated were the cost of the vaccine and the lack of information about HPV infection.
Conclusion: The educational intervention has greatly increased the knowledge of HPV infection among university students. Continuing education programs are needed to bridge the knowledge gap on HPV infection and HPV-related diseases among young adults.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.