BackgroundTo date, there is controverted the association between serum macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and serum adipokines with Lupus Nephrites.ObjectiveTo investigate the value of serum MIF, leptin, adiponectin and resistin levels as markers of proteinuria and renal dysfunction in lupus nephritisMethodsDesign: cross-sectional. We included 196 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and 52 controls (HC). In SLE, disease activity was assessed by SLEDAI. Renal involvement was investigated by Renal-SLEDAI: a) Renal-SLE involvement (n=43) and b) Non-Renal-SLE (n=153). MIF, adiponectin, leptin and resistin levels were quantified by ELISA. We assessed correlations of MIF, adipokines and renal involvement parameters [proteinuria (g/day), serum creatinine and other]. Multivariable linear regression was used for investigating factors associated with the intensity of proteinuria. ResultsSLE patients had higher MIF (p=0.02) and adiponectin levels (p<0.001) than HC. In renal-SLE involvement there were higher adiponectin levels (19.0 vs 13.3 µg/mL, p=0.002) and resistin levels (10.7 vs 8.9 ng/mL, p=0.01), compared with non-Renal-SLE. Proteinuria correlated with high adiponectin (rs=0.19, p<0.009) and resistin levels (rs=26, p<0.001). MIF (rs=0.27, p=0.04) and resistin (rs= 0.18; p=0.02) correlated with increased creatinine. High Renal activity correlated with adiponectin (rs=0.21, p=0.004). Multiple linear regression identified that elevated adiponectin (p=0.02), younger age (p=0.04) and low MIF (p=0.02) were associated with intensity of proteinuria. Low MIF and high adiponectin levels have interaction for intensity of proteinuria (R2=0.41). ConclusionsHigh adiponectin combined with low MIF concentrations interacts for increase proteinuria in renal-SLE, and MIF and resistin levels are associated with renal dysfunction. These findings highlight the relevance of including the assessment of MIF and adipokines as clinical markers in the evaluation of LN.
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