Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor has a high degree of malignancy and high mortality. The purpose of this paper is to describe the characteristics of atypical diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor and analyze the causes of misdiagnosis as viral meningoencephalitis. An adolescent female patient presented with headache, nausea, vomiting, sharp vision loss and cognitive dysfunction. After poor therapeutic effect of standard antiviral treatment, further inspection found that malignant cells were detected by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology; and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed extensive enhancement of the leptomeningeal. In conclusions, when patient with unexplained high intracranial pressure, it is necessary to be alert to the diagnosis of diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor. Multiple examinations of fresh CSF are helpful to increase the positive detection rate of tumor cells. Early diagnosis and active treatment are conducive to improving survival rate.

circRNAs, as a kind of non-coding RNA, are characterized by rich content, high stability, and tissue specificity, and have become a research focus in recent years. A large number of studies have found that circRNA and miRNA have the strongest binding capacity among competing endogenous RNAs, playing a role as a miRNA molecular sponge in cellular gene expression and playing an important role in many diseases. At present, studies have shown that circRNAs are closely related to cerebrovascular diseases and play a crucial role in vascular endothelial cells, metabolism of low-density lipoprotein, smooth muscle cells, inflammatory oxidative stress, ischemia-reperfusion, and other regulatory mechanisms. In order to systematically understand circRNA and its function, in order to understand the research progress of circRNA in regulating the molecular mechanism of cerebrovascular diseases, and in order to find potential markers and drug molecules in the field of cerebrovascular disease occurrence, development, diagnosis, and treatment targets, we reviewed the research progress of circRNA in the development of cerebrovascular disease.

Dermatomyositis is a connective tissue disease mainly involving striated muscles and skins. It is rare to complicate with massive pericardial effusions. In this article, we tracked a 2-year treatment history of a dermatomyositis patient with rare complications. In the late stage of the disease, massive pericardial effusion was combined. Complications such as dysphagia, pulmonary hypertension, Sjogren's syndrome and anticardiolipin antibody syndrome posed great challenges to treatment. Massive pericardial effusion and pulmonary failure resulted in death of the patient, and anticardiolipin antibody syndrome was also one of the possible important causes of death. Good compliance could help control the disease. Massive pericardial effusion should be punctured in time. When combined with dysphagia, adequate intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) was the key to treatment.

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) with autoimmune hepatitis is rare in clinical practice. Here we present a case to describe the relevant clinical features and provide case data for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. The diagnosis was supported by medical history, physical examination, laboratory and imaging examination, nerve conduction velocity and cerebrospinal fluid examination. The combined disease was identified by autoimmune antibodies and ultrasonography. Combined with the patient's history of chronic progression, clinical manifestations of peripheral nerve damage, cerebrospinal fluid showing protein-cell separation and nerve conduction velocity showing decreased amplitude and conduction velocity, CIDP was confirmed. Combined with the patient's examination result of abdominal bulging, color Doppler ultrasound examination showed cirrhosis, positive (+) anti-liver/kidney microsomal type 1 antibody (anti-LKM-1), considering combination of autoimmune hepatitis type II (AIH-II). The clinical symptoms of both were significantly improved by hormone therapy. CIDP is clinically uncommon in elderly male patients, and it is also rare to have AIH-II. But according to the typical pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, detailed physical examination, laboratory and imaging examination, and neuro-immunological data, clinical diagnosis can be made. Pathological data are needed to confirm the diagnosis. Both have poor natural prognosis. However, the use of hormone therapy according to its pathogenesis can effectively alleviate clinical symptoms and prevent progression.