To evaluate the detectability of cardiac septal defects by electrocardiographically synchronized (ECG-gated) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 48 subjects were imaged, including 18 normal and 30 abnormal subjects in whom 22 ventricular septal defects (VSDs) and nine atrial septal defects (ASDs) had been diagnosed angiographically. Two ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHICALLY synchronized (ECG-gated) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive technique that has been successfully applied to the heart by various investigators.1`7 MRI of congenital cardiac malformations has been reported in preliminary studies demonstrating the practicality of the technique.8-10 However, images in these studies were read under unblinded conditions, and only one included normal controls. We have employed controlled, blinded readings to explore the detectability of atrial and ventricular septal defects (ASDs and VSDs) by ECG-gated MRI. MethodsInstrumentation. Patients were imaged with a commercial MRI system (Technicare, Inc., Solon, OH) that incorporates a superconducting magnet operating at 0.5 T. Small subjects were examined with a radiofrequency coil that has an aperture 28 cm in diameter and was designed primarily to image the head (head coil). Larger patients were examined with an RF coil that has an aperture of 55 cm and was designed to image the adult human torso (body coil).Images were acquired and reconstructed with software supplied by the manufacturer, by means of a two-dimensional Fourier transform method. A spin-echo pulse sequence was used in all cases with an echo time of 30 msec. All scans were ECG gated with Hewlett-Packard telemetry equipment and a Technicare cardiac gating interface.8 The repetition time was equal to the RR interval. Four sets of signals were averaged for each image. The plane selecting excitation pulse (and thus the images) had a nominal thickness of 0.75 cm (full-width-at-halfmaximum). Nine to 12 parallel, cross-sectional images were acquired simultaneously, separated by 0.5 cm gaps. A second, similar set of nine to 12 images was then acquired, offset 0.62 cm from the previous collection, to examine the regions between the images of the first collection. When possible, images were obtained in transaxial, coronal, and sagittal orientations. Images were rarely collected in fewer than two orientations. A modified left anterior oblique image set, in which the ventricular and atrial septa were perpendicular to the imaging plane, was obtained in the majority of cases.Patient selection. Forty-eight subjects were studied over a 6 month period, including 18 normal volunteers and 30 patients with congenital heart disease. Of these, nine patients had angiographically proven ASDs (mean age + SD 12.5 + 11 years, range 0.7 to 38), and 22 patients had angiographically proven VSDs (age 7.3 + 5.4 years, range 0.3 to 21) (
CAFs increases tumor growth while knockdown of CNTFR in lung tumor cells decreases overall growth. With the use of advanced protein engineering technology, we generated a high-affinity CNTFR decoy that inhibits CLCF1-CNTFR signaling and are currently testing this novel reagent to elucidate the mechanism by which CNTFR activation alters intercellular signaling to increase tumor cell growth. Through in vivo studies with cell lines and PDXs, we are also exploring the efficacy of this CNTFR decoy as a form of lung cancer therapy. Conclusion:In sum, these data indicate that CLCF1-CNTFR signaling is important for NSCLC tumor growth and is a viable therapeutic target.
Thirty-six patients with chest pain but no myocardial infarction or conduction defects and 4 volunteers (3 normals and 1 with asymptomatic aortic insufficiency) underwent radionuclide angiocardiography. Phase analysis was performed and the standard deviation (SD) ("spread") and skewness ("asymmetry") of the left ventricular (LV) phase histogram determined at rest and during maximum exercise. The SD of the LV phase histogram was of no value; however, when -0.1 was taken as the upper limit of normal skewness at maximum exercise, skewness was equally as sensitive as conventional criteria for coronary artery disease (CAD) and also more specific. The authors conclude that LV histogram skewness during maximum exercise may be superior to conventional criteria for detection of CAD with rest/exercise radionuclide angiocardiograms.
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