Significantly better language development was associated with early identification of hearing loss and early intervention. There was no significant difference between the earlier- and later-identified groups on several variables frequently associated with language ability in deaf and hard-of-hearing children. Thus, the variable on which the two groups differed (age of identification and intervention) must be considered a potential explanation for the language advantage documented in the earlier-identified group.

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This paper includes 3 tables for quick power estimates that require no computation for the most common designs involving comparisons of 2 and 3 means in ANOVA and ANCOVA situations. Power can be estimated for (from .1σ to 1σ) for 4 effect sizes at alpha levels from .01 to .20, for samples sizes from 5 to 400 per group, and for directional and nondirectional tests.Many behavioral studies discover no significant difference between means even when differences between the parameter means are substantial. This situation results, in part, because inadequate attention is frequently given to the issue of statistical power in the design of the experiment (Brewer