Adequate pain management is a compelling and universal requirement in health care. Despite considerable advancements, the adverse physiological and psychological implications of unmanaged pain remain substantially unresolved. Ineffective pain management can lead to a marked decrease in desirable clinical and psychological outcomes and patients' overall quality of life. Effective management of acute pain results in improved patient outcomes and increased patient satisfaction. Although research and advanced treatments in improved practice protocols have documented progressive improvements in management of acute and postoperative pain, little awareness of the effectiveness of best practices persists. Improved interventions can enhance patients' attitudes to and perceptions of pain. What a patient believes and understands about pain is critical in influencing the patient's reaction to the pain therapy provided. Use of interdisciplinary pain teams can lead to improvements in patients' pain management, pain education, outcomes, and satisfaction. (Critical Care Nurse. 2015;35[3]:33-43)
This article identifies the rapid advancement of invasive and noninvasive interventional cardiac technologies. The newest cardiac diagnostics are those awaiting Food and Drug Administration approval will have a significant impact in relation to the acuity of future critically ill cardiac patients. While the elderly population continues to grow, these recipients of healthcare will also have more education available to them and hopefully will be practicing healthier lifestyles. There are several research studies in process that will change the future of critical care patients as well as critical care nurses. This article identifies approaches to the treatments and management of coronary artery disease, heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias as they impact coronary heart disease, which still remains the leading cause of death in the United States.
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