Abstrak_Ruang terbuka publik merupakan elemen kota yang sangat penting kehadirannya dalam kehidupan kota. Sebagai ruang terbuka yang bersifat publik maka berbagai aktivitas dapat dilakukan manusia baik perorangan maupun berkelompok. Karakteristik manusia sebagai makhluk individu sekaligus makhluk sosial menjadi hal yang menarik untuk diteliti bagaimana manusia mempertahankan sifat keprivasian mereka dalam ruang terbuka publik yang dapat diakses siapa saja. Oleh karena itu tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melihat gambaran bagaimana manusia mengaktualisasikan karakternya sebagai makhluk individu dalam suatu ruang sosial di ruang terbuka publiksehingga manfaat dari penelitian ini diharapkan bisa digunakan para perancang ruang kota dalam memperhatikan kebutuhan karakter manusia sebagai pengguna ruang tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan melakukan pendekatan kajian literatur yaitu menggunakan beberapa teori dan artikel penelitian yang sesuai yang telah dilakukan.Berdasarkan kajian literatur yang dilakukan ditemukan bahwa karakter manusia sebagai makhluk individu dan makhluk sosial dalam ruang terbuka publikterdapat 2 bentukan ruang yaitu ruang pribadi (personal space) yaitu ruang maya yang berada di sekeliling tubuh masing-masing individu dan teritori (territory) yang dibentuk sesuai dengan kondisi tertentunamunmasih dapat diusik oleh individu lain sehingga pertahanan manusia ini sifatnya tidak masif. Teritori juga dipengaruhi oleh 2 faktor yaitu ekonomi dan budaya. Kata kunci: Arsitektur Perilaku; Ruang Kota; Ruang Terbuka Publik; Ruang Pribadi; Teritori. Abstrak_Public open space is an element of the city that is very important of its presence in city life. As a public open space, various activities can be carried out by humans, both individuals and groups. The characteristics of humans as individual and also social being; becoming interesting things to be investigated that how humans maintain their privacy in public open spaces that can be accessed by anyone. Therefore the purpose of this study is to gain the description of how humans actualize their characters as individual beings in a social space in public open space so that the benefits of this research are expected to be able to be used by urban space designers in concerning to the human character needs as the space user. The research method used was a qualitative method by conducting a literature study approach, which used several theories and research articles that were appropriate. Based on the literature review, it was found that human characters as individual and social being in public open spaces had 2 spatial forms, namely personal space which was the virtual space available around the body of each individual and territory formed according with certain conditions but can still be disturbed by other individuals so that the human defense is not massive. Territory is also influenced by two factors, namely economy and culture.
Surakarta City is one of the cities in Indonesia that has experienced the effects of urbanization and rapid development. This is evident from the slums along the banks of the Kali Pepe. This river intersects the city of Solo and stretches for about five kilometers from Sangkrah Village to Gilingan Village. This river used to have an important role in accommodating urban mobility. In 2016, Kali Pepe received attention for its pedestrian segments, parks, and riverbank development. This study describes the settlement characteristics along the riverbanks in relation to the sustainability of the Kali Pepe. Descriptive-qualitative methods accompanied by in-depth interviews were used to collect data. Moreover, the study exploration of field conditions was recorded in the form of sketches and photographs. The results of the study show two prominent potentials from the characteristics of the Kali Pepe riverbanks in relation to its sustainability, i.e., (1) nature characteristics that can be developed through integrated water transportation tourism; (2) The emergence of home-industry that is backed by the potential of employment in the informal sector and accommodated riverbank tourism.
Berbagai kota maupun wilayah di Indonesia banyak memiliki potensi pariwisata yang menarik sehingga dikunjungi oleh turis dari berbagai macam negara. Salah satunya adalah area Ubud Bali yang memiliki banyak destinasi wisata dan terus berkembang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pariwisatanya. Perkembangan yang pesat tersebut dikhawatirkan akan menyebabkan kepadatan lingkungan yang tidak terkendali dan berubahnya citra Ubud sebagai kawasan alam dan pedesaan yang tenang. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui citra Ubud berdasarkan kognisi spasial yang tergambar melalui peta kognisi (cognitive map) masyarakatnya. Citra Ubud tersebut diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai pertimbangan untuk perkembangan area Ubud nantinya. Penelitian yang dilakukan di area Ubud, Kabupaten Gianyar, Bali ini menggunakan metode penelitian pemetaan kognisi (cognitive mapping). Melalui metode ini sebelas responden diminta untuk menggambarkan sketsa peta area Ubud dengan menunjukkan lima elemen kota menurut Kevin Lynch, yaitu landmark, node, path, district, dan edge. Dari sebelas cognitive map yang tergambar, didapatkan hasil bahwa Ubud memiliki citra kawasan sebagai kawasan wisata yang masih memegang kuat budayanya. Hal ini ditunjukkan melalui perempatan Ubud dan Monkey Forest sebagai elemen spasial yang tertanam kuat dalam kognisi responden.IMAGE OF UBUD BALI BASED ON COGNITIVE MAP OF THE DWELLERS Various regions in Indonesia have many attractive tourism potentials and are visited by tourists from various countries. One of them is the area of Ubud, Bali, which has many tourist destinations and continues to grow to meet the needs of tourism. This rapidly growing tourism will raise some concerns about uncontrolled urban density and the alteration of Ubud’s image as a peaceful and natural rural area. Therefore, this research was conducted to find out the image of Ubud based on the dwellers’ spatial cognition, which is drawn through their cognitive maps. This image of Ubud is expected to be used as a consideration for the development of the Ubud area. The research was conducted in the area of Ubud, Gianyar, Bali, and used cognitive mapping as the research method. Through this method, eleven respondents were asked to sketch the maps of Ubud area by showing five city’s elements, according to Kevin Lynch. Those elements are landmark, node, path, district, and edge. From eleven cognitive maps drawn, the obtained result is that Ubud has the image of a tourist area that still holds a strong culture. This is shown through the intersection of Ubud and Monkey Forest as spatial elements that are firmly embedded in the respondents’ spatial cognition.
Jiung is an informal market growing in public open spaces in Kemayoran, Central Jakarta, Indonesia. It consists of a row of non-permanent stalls and is also observed to be surrounding the densely populated settlements and four main Streets which are the Benyamin Sueb, Haji Ung, Kemayoran Gempol, and Bendungan Jago. Most of the traders come from the settlements behind the row of the market stalls and sell from morning to night except for those on the Kemayoran Gempol Street section, who are allowed to only trade up to late afternoon when traders with tents on the Street resume. These trading activities, however, lead to the closure of the Kemayoran Gempol Street and the tents used in the night market also cover the stalls of the Jiung Market merchant. Meanwhile, this market is acceptable to the residents and also the traders due to the long time existence of the Night Market activities in the place. There is, therefore, the need to understand the adaptation process to be implemented for the night market traders to be acceptable using the qualitative approach. It was discovered that a mutually beneficial relationship is the main reason the Night Market has survived up to the present moment. Moreover, the market was also found to have influenced the distribution of traders in several locations around the area but it is possible to inhibit the distribution growth through an architectural approach as a contribution towards the planning and design of urban public spaces in the country.
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