Effective teaching in multicultural settings requires the awareness and ability to adapt to diverse needs and viewpoints. Teachers' multicultural efficacy may be gained from coursework or interactions within diverse communities. In this study the authors determined preservice teachers' multicultural efficacy using the Multicultural Efficacy Scale (MES) and its relationship to education and personal characteristics. Study results revealed average levels of multicultural attitudes and efficacy and no relationship to coursework and personal characteristics. The authors did find a significant relationship to political worldviews. Results suggest that other variables may be making personal characteristics less influential on views of diversity.
Reports show that the reading proficiency scores for 17-year-olds have stagnated over the past several decades. In this study, the authors explored older students' academic reading perceptions that might suggest links to proficiency. What do high school seniors really think about class reading? Do they understand what they read? How do they view teacher support for content reading? A quarter of the senior class of one mid-sized high school responded to open-ended questions such as these as well as a Likert-style reading attitude survey. Additionally, the teachers of the student study sample were interviewed about their students' reading behaviors and attitudes. Data revealed that these seniors largely felt confident in their class reading abilities despite the fact that most said they did not do much reading either for school or recreationally. Seniors also reported a lower tolerance for reading long periods of time and showed little preference for reading informational texts. Yet most participants planned to go to college and felt positively about the challenges presented by college-level reading. Student and teacher reports suggested both parties may be locked in a reciprocating cycle of low reading expectations that maintain student non-reading behaviors and unrealistic ideas about the skill level necessary for informational reading comprehension.With increasing demands for higher levels of literacy and the national focus on the Common Core standards, students' critical reading of informational texts has moved front and center as an education and curriculum issue. However, despite such mandates, the reading proficiency scores for high school seniors dropped again this year according to the SAT report on college and career readiness (The SAT Report, 2012). The report revealed that the graduating class of 2012 scored lower in critical reading than in 2011, indicating a downward trend as the past several years of students scored four points lower than in 2008. The 2011 ACT reading benchmark report also showed no improvement in reading scores since the previous year with only about © 2013 The University of North Carolina Press 321 half of students (52%) at reading benchmarks set for college readiness (ACT College and Career Readiness Report, 2011). The findings from both reports align with the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) long-term trend report, which showed that 17-year-olds' reading proficiency has remained stagnant over the past several decades (The Nation's Report Card, 2011).Although we know high school students' reading proficiency is a concern for the educational community at large, do students and their content teachers see reading proficiency as a problem? What do they really think of class reading and reading instruction? What is the connection between academic reading attitudes and proficiency for older students? These are some of the questions we investigated in this exploratory study. High school seniors in their American Government class responded to two measures: open-ended qu...
Educators seek effective methods of teaching concepts in ways that engage the learner. One potential method involves the use of simulations, including online simulations. In this exploratory study, researchers examined the pretest and posttest written products of 30 preservice social studies teachers to determine the amount and depth of knowledge before and after taking part in an online simulation. Results indicated that gains in knowledge from the pretest to the posttest were statistically significant, but that the depth of knowledge gained was rather limited in scope. Findings have implications for those considering using or designing online or other simulations as content learning tools in the social sciences and other educational fields.
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