This study sought to analyze the role female entrepreneurship plays in the internationalization and innovation process of firms. Additionally, this study aims to contribute to a better understanding of how the countries of Europe and Central Asia are grouped in terms of female entrepreneurship. Our analysis used secondary data collected from the Enterprise Surveys-The World Bank database to which multivariate statistical analysis were applied. The results suggest a non-significant statistical relationship between female entrepreneurship and internationalization, which may be explained by high capital access constraints female entrepreneurs face. There are cultural and social barriers that affect the decision of women entrepreneurs to internationalize. Our results also show interdependence between internationalization and innovation. The results also suggest that the countries of Europe and Central Asia can be divided into two clusters. The difference between the two clusters can be justified by the role of women in the countries concerned. The originality of this article is related to the analysis of the possible contribution of women entrepreneurship to the internationalization of firms, which is still an understudied area, because of the exclusion of women entrepreneurs from the market due to the male norms that dominate the socioeconomic contexts. Additionally, the findings of this research can contribute to the implementation of a strategic policy framework to encourage female entrepreneurship.
To upcycle is to take something already made and then improve upon it, or turn it into a fresh item, so fashion upcycling is a process of using excess or waste clothing and textiles to generate new products, as an unconventional and new practices, which can successfully tackle concerns on excessive consumption of resources. The project "From Granny to Trendy" works with fashion upcycling and, in addition to the issue of sustainability, promotes the empowerment of unemployed women over 50 years. The main objective of our paper is to analyze social partnerships, particularly the social impact on the individual level, so a case study was conducted, exploring the benefits and difficulties of the project that belongs to a local nonprofit organization (NPO). The study is based on a qualitative (seven focus groups) and quantitative data analysis - two questionnaires, in two distinct moments: moment one corresponding to the beginning of the training and moment two corresponding to the end of the training, in a total of 100 questionnaires, 50 in each moment. Our study explores the project impact at the micro-level, and concludes that participants gain benefits through the acquisition of new instrumental/technical knowledge/capabilities (e.g., new insights about fashion design) and psychological benefits (e.g., improvement of self-confidence).
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