In recent years in the dental field, new types of materials and techniques for the manufacturing of dental crowns and analog implants have been developed to improve the quality of these products. The objective of this article was to perform the surface characterization and determine the properties of Co-Cr alloy samples fabricated by the direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) process and coated by e-gun technology with thin films of Ta2O5 and ZnO. Both oxides are frequently used for dental products, in pharmacology, cosmetics, and medicine, due to their good anticorrosive, antibacterial, and photo-catalytic properties. Following the deposition of thin oxide films on the Co-Cr samples fabricated by DMLS, a very fine roughness in the order of nanometers was obtained. Thin films deposition was realized to improve the hardness and the roughness of the Co-Cr parts fabricated by the DMLS process. Surface characterization was performed using SEM-EDS, AFM, and XRD. AFM was used to determine the roughness of the samples and the nanoindentation curves were determined to establish the hardness values and modulus of elasticity.
Acid rain is a major problem for animals, plants, buildings, and also for the top glass of photovoltaic (PV) solar panels and greenhouses. Air pollutants such as NOx, NH3, and H2S can mix with water in the atmosphere to form acid rain. It was discovered that atmospheric water vapor adsorbed on the surface of glass can also lead to corrosion of the glass surface. The purpose of this work is to obtain a protective film for glasses used in different domains such as solar cells, windows, stained glass windows from historical buildings, etc. Thin film deposited on glass must be protective against acid rain, transparent in the visible domain with a band gap up to 3.2 eV, and have a vitreous structure (glass). Electron beam (e-gun) technology is a deposition technique for producing high-purity and dense coatings in a short time. It is well known that Ta2O5 is an oxide with anticorrosive properties, but it is expensive and cannot form glass by itself. ZnO is an oxide known as a glass former, exhibiting good optical properties. In this paper, a thin film obtained by the deposition of ZnO and Ta2O5 on a glass substrate using e-gun technology are studied. The simulated acid rain effect on the structure, morphology, and optical properties of thin films are studied after a 65% nitric acid attack on the surface. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern shows the vitreous state of the thin film with a composition 50%ZnO 50%Ta2O5 before and after the acid attack. The morphology, composition, and thickness of the film are investigated using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and profilometry.
Stereolithography (SLA) is the oldest additive manufacturing technology, and it is a 3D printing technology used to create industrial concept models, rapid prototypes or different parts with complex geometries in a very short time. By SLA technology, it is possible to manufacture parts with extremely high feature resolutions and quality surface finishes, using a wide selection of materials. SLA 3D printing is frequently used for manufacture: the parts requiring high accuracy and features as small as 0.07 mm, smooth surfaces with good rugosities and form and fit testing. In this article were presented the mechanical properties of the photo-curable polyurethane resins used in SLA technology, the SEM analysis and for establish the composition contain, it was used the ATR-FTIR analysis. In conclusion, new photo-curable polyurethane resins, used in SLA technology, allow the creation of parts with a high degree of accuracy, with good mechanical properties, which can be used both in industry and in medicine domain.
The behaviour of metallic powders is very important for manufacturing parts and for realize the prototypes. Manufacturing of the orthopaedic implants by selective laser sintering process can be used in medicine. The powders necessary for SLS process are biomaterials who must assure a good osteointegration of endobone implants like the Ti powder (Ti-6Al-4V) and the hydroxyapatite powder. The conditioned powders is a very important process and is necessary in SLS to obtain medical prothesis and influence the final properties of prothesis. Materials must present a gradient for porosity and one for composition (presents of a bioactive phase in titan matrix). The exterior porosity, in the contact zones with the bone tissue, favors the incipient cellular processes (the adhesion and attachment of osteoblastes, proliferation and cellular differentiation and nucleation of mineral bone). The pores must be open and with a specific surface more great. Its preferred the exterior intercommunicating porosity. The presence of phosphates of calcium in the contact zone of the implant with bone favors the mineral kernel on bone. The report Ca/P of phosphates mineral bone has an ascending evolution towards 10/6 according to hydroxyapatite.
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