The objective is to determine which biopolymer has the best 3D printing characteristics and mechanical properties for the manufacture of a bioscaffold, using the fused deposition printing technique, with models generated from a Micro-CT Scan. Through an experimental exploratory study, the 3D printing of a bioscaffold was carried out using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique, from an STL file obtained from a Micro-CT scan taken from a bovine iliac crest bone structure Three study groups of the analyzed biopolymers were carried out with thirteen printed structures of each one. The first is made of 100% PLA. The second, 90B, is composed of 20g of polylactic acid per 1g of diatom extract, and the third, 88C, differs from the previous one in that it also contains 1g of calcium phosphate. The 39 printed structures underwent a visual inspection test, which required the fabrication of a gold standard scaffold in resin, with greater detail and similarity to the scanned bone structure. Finally, the structures were subjected to a compressive force (N) to obtain the modulus of elasticity (MPa) and compressive strength (MPa) of each one of them. A statistically significant difference (p=0.001) was obtained in the printing properties of the biomaterial 88C, compared to 90B and pure PLA. The 88C biopolymer presented the best 3D printing characteristics using the fused deposition printing technique, from stereolithographic models obtained with Micro-CT Scan. In addition, the 88C biopolymer presented the best mechanical properties compared to the other groups of materials. Although the difference between these was not statistically significant (p=0.388), in the structures of the 88C biomaterial, values of compressive strength (8,84692 MPa) and modulus of elasticity (43,23615 MPa) were similar to those of cancellous bone in the jaws could be observed. In conclusion, the biomaterial that exhibited the best printing and mechanical characteristics to produce a 3D printed bio scaffold using the fused deposition technique from stereolithographic models obtained from a Micro-CT Scan was the 88C biopolymer. Because of this result, the 88C biomaterial has the potential to be used in the manufacture of bioscaffolds in tissue engineering.
A descriptive and exploratory study was carried out with the aim of proposing and validating an open protocol for making 3D impressions of stereolithographic models, which is available to professionals in the area of Dentistry. Nine operators (senior students of the Dentistry degree), without previous experience in the use of software and hardware for 3D printing, divided into two groups were trained through theoretical and practical sessions. The A worked with three helical tomographies (TAC) and the B with three cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), all in DICOM format, converted to STL files. In total, 99 bone structures corresponding to 33 jaws, 33 axis and 33 facial masses-skull bases were analyzed, and a total of 33 jaws were printed in PLA (polylactic acid filament). At the end of the study, no statistically significant difference was found in the implementation of the proposed protocol between the operators, the measurements of the pieces printed by each of them, the gold standard, the TAC and the CBCT, with which not only validated the protocol, but it was possible to determine the resources necessary to carry out this type of 3D printing.
Este artículo pretende evidenciar el recorrido de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED) de Costa Rica en el tema de los Recursos Educativos Abiertos (REA, por sus siglas en español): sus inicios, sus procesos, sus logros y sus retos actuales. Para lograrlo, se comenzará por ubicar los REA en el ámbito mundial y nacional, de forma que sea evidente la necesidad institucional de adaptar estos recursos a los procesos educativos de la UNED. Además, se presentará el recorrido y los esfuerzos realizados para difundir su uso, adaptación y creación en diferentes áreas del saber y los resultados obtenidos hasta el momento. Finalmente, se plantearán los retos de la universidad y cómo se enfrentan; de manera que sea patente la invitación a unirse a esta forma de trabajo.
Fabricación del Fab Helmet: ventilación mecánica no invasiva para pacientes con COVID-19. Objetivo: Este artículo de divulgación pretende dar a conocer los aprendizajes obtenidos a partir de la elaboración del Fab Helmet. Método: Trabajo interdisciplinario e interinstitucional para la elaboración del dispositivo, considerando los que se importan desde otros países y que se usan en los hospitales nacionales, pero también las adaptaciones necesarias y posibles para Costa Rica y su realidad. Esto implica que tanto los materiales disponibles en el mercado nacional como el tipo de componentes de dicho dispositivo debían ser compatibles para funcionar adecuadamente en las condiciones del sistema de salud costarricense. Resultados: Construcción del prototipo adecuado para Costa Rica, replicable con materiales y mano de obra nacional; dotación al sistema médico de más de 200 Fab Helmet, se registra la documentación y la sistematización completa del proceso; obtención del permiso de uso por emergencia para el dispositivo, del permiso de funcionamiento para la elaboración de dispositivos médicos y odontológicos en los espacios del Laboratorio de fabricación de la UNED y del único registro sanitario de un Equipo y Material Biomédico categoría 2 proveniente de una universidad pública. Conclusiones: El proceso de trabajo realizado dejó una serie de aprendizajes tanto para el equipo de la UNED como para los médicos relacionados con el proyecto, estos se muestran en este artículo de divulgación.
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