Background: Electrolytes, proteins, and other salivary molecules play an important role in tooth integrity and can serve as biomarkers associated with caries. Objective: To determine the concentration of potential biomarkers in children without caries (CF) and children with caries (CA). Methods: Unstimulated saliva was collected, and the biomarkers quantified in duplicate, using commercial Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits to determine IgA, fibronectin, cathelicidin LL-37, and statherin levels, as well as colorimetric tests to detect formate and phosphate. Results: Significantly higher concentrations of statherin was detected in the CF group (Median: 94,734.6; IQR: 92,934.6–95,113.7) compared to the CA2 group (90,875.0; IQR: 83,580.2–94,633.4) (p = 0.03). Slightly higher median IgA (48,250.0; IQR: 31,461.9–67,418.8) and LL-37 levels (56.1; IQR 43.6–116.2) and a lower concentration of formate were detected in the CF group (0.02; IQR 0.0034–0.15) compared to the group with caries (IgA: 37,776.42; IQR: 33,383.9–44,128.5; LL-37: 46.3; IQR: 40.1011–67.7; formate: 0.10; IQR: 0.01–0.18), but these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: The fact that these compounds have been identified as good markers for caries among European adults highlights the difficulty of identifying universal biomarkers that are applicable to all ages or to different populations.

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Streptococcus dentisani has been identified as an oral cavity probiotic due to its beneficial characteristics. One of its beneficial features is the production of bacteriocins, which inhibit the growth of cariogenic bacteria, and another is its buffering capacity through the production of ammonium from arginine. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of S. dentisani in the dental plaque of Colombian children and whether the presence of this bacterium is related to oral health and other conditions. Dental plaque and information on diet and oral hygiene habits were collected from children between 6 and 12 years of age from four Colombian cities, divided into caries‐free children (International Caries Detection and Assessment System [ICDAS] 0, Decayed Missing Filled Teeth index [DMFT] 0), children with ICDAS 1 and 2, and children with ICDAS >3. Plaque DNA was extracted and quantified, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction was performed using specific primers. This bacterium was identified in all samples, with a median of 0.46 cells/ng DNA (interquartile range [IQR] 0.13–1.02), without finding significant differences between the groups (P > 0.05). In caries‐free children, a median of 0.45 cells/ng DNA (IQR 0.14–1.23) was found. In children with ICDAS 1 and 2, the median was 0.49 cells/ng DNA (IQR 0.11–0.97), and in children with ICDAS >3, the median was 0.35 cells/ng DNA (IQR 0.12–1.07). However, statistically significant differences were found in the origin of children (P < 0.01), the use of fluoride‐containing products (P < 0.01), and the frequency of food intake (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the presence of S. dentisani was quantified in children from four Colombian cities, without finding significant differences in oral health status. Nevertheless, three conditions showed a possible relationship with S. dentisani.

La integración vertical es una estrategia que facilita a las instituciones de educación superior reducir sus costos aumentando su efectividad en la gestión de su cadena de abastecimiento. En el artículo se exploran diferentes hallazgos que deben considerarse a la hora de tomar este tipo de decisiones de integración hacia atrás, hacia adelante o hacia el centro de sus operaciones. También se presenta un modelo de cadena de abastecimiento aplicable en las instituciones de educación superior, que dialoga con el modelo de calidad adoptado por el gobierno nacional y que hace referencia directa en las posibilidades de integración vertical y al tipo de actividades en donde esta podría darse. A lo largo del documento se presentan ejemplos de aplicación de esta estrategia según distintas consideraciones teóricas y prácticas para la gestión de las instituciones educativas.