Functional recovery following general nerve reconstruction is often associated with poor results. Comparing to rat and mice experimental studies, there are much fewer investigations on nerve regeneration and repair in the sheep, and there are no studies on this subject using gait analysis in the sheep model as an assessment tool. Additionally, this is the first study evaluating obstacle negotiation and the compensatory strategies that take place at each joint in response to the obstacle during locomotion in the sheep model. This study aims to get kinematic data to serve as a template for an objective assessment of the ankle joint motion in future studies of common peroneal nerve (CP) injury and repair in the ovine model. Our results show that a moderately high obstacle set to 10% of the sheep's hindlimb length was associated to several spatial and temporal strategies in order to increase hoof height during obstacle negotiating. Sheep efficiently cleared an obstacle by increasing knee, ankle and metatarsophalangeal flexion during swing, whereas the hip joint is not affected. This study establishes the bounds of normal motion in the neurologically intact hindlimb when approached and cleared an obstacle and provides baseline data for further studies of peripheral nerve research in the ovine model.
Background/Aim: Canine Cutaneous Histiocytoma (CCH) is a Langerhans' cells benign tumour that undergoes spontaneous regression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of angiogenesis, a key step for tumour development, in CCH regression. Materials and Methods: 50 CCH samples were classified into 4 histological groups according to a regression scale, and evaluated for expression of vascular endothelial factor-A (VEGF-A) and its receptor VEGFR-2 as well as microvessel density (MVD). Results: Tumours during early stages of the regressive process had a lower MVD compared to later stages, while CCH tumoural cells showed a limited production of VEGF, but higher levels of VEGFR-2. On the contrary, tumours in advanced phases of regression showed a higher number of neovessels, probably associated with the inflammatory state and the healing process. Conclusion: Our results suggest that angiogenesis may be compromised at early stages of histiocytoma development and this may be a determinant of regression in this tumour.Canine cutaneous histiocytoma (CCH) is a benign tumour on the dog's skin that, in almost all cases, undergoes spontaneous regression. It can occur anywhere on the dog's skin surface as 3279 This article is freely accessible online.
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