Nowadays, services are more and more implemented by using object-oriented frameworks. In this context, two properties could be particularly required in the specification of these frameworks: (i) a loose coupling between the service layer and the object layer, allowing evolution of the service layer with a minimal impact on the object layer, (ii) an interoperability induced by the substitution principle associated to subtyping in the object layer, allowing to freely convert a value of a subtype into a supertype. However, experimenting with the popular cxf framework, we observed some undesirable coupling and interoperability issues, due to the failure of the substitution principle. Therefore we propose a new specification of the data binding used to translate data between the object and service layers. We show that if the cxf framework followed the specification, then the substitution principle would be recovered, with all its advantages.
Nowadays, architecture tends to follow the Modernist values that neglect the design languages inherited from the cultures of the past. This tendency leads to the separation of the present and the past that threatens the cultural continuity. This research aims to achieve cultural continuity in contemporary architecture by developing a new architectural language based on cosmogenic patterns of pre-Modernism to create buildings that preserve the inherited cultural ideas in contemporary architecture. The research used two combined analytical approaches to capture these patterns. The first was to identify the different cosmological models of pre-Modernism by adopting Edward Harrison's classification of the developmental stages of human awareness of cosmic order. The second was to identify the cosmogenic patterns introduced by these models by adopting Christopher Alexander's strategy for discovering and documenting patterns. This research captured the pre-Modernist cosmogenic patterns used in formulating a contemporary architectural language that reflects the inherited culture.
Abstract:The object-oriented paradigm is increasingly used in the implementation and the use of web services. However, the mismatch between objects and document structures in the wire has a negative impact over interoperability, more particularly when subtyping is involved. In this paper, we discuss how to improve interoperability in this context by preserving the subsumption property associated to subtyping. First we show the weaknesses of existing web service frameworks used for serialization and deserialization. Second we propose new foundations for serialization and deserialization, which leads to the specification of a new data binding between objects and document structures, compatible with subtyping.
Abstract:Web services can be built according to multiple service models and technologies. Although there is a clear need for a model integrating them in multiple real-world contexts, no integrated model does (yet) exist. In this paper, we introduce a model as a foundation for heterogeneous services, in particular, SOAP/WS* and RESTful services. The model abstracts away from service implementations, composes services in a truly concurrent manner and supports asynchronous message passing as well as mobility of typed channels.
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