Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials are attractive for the fabrication of high efficiency organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) by harnessing “hot excitons” from high-lying triplet exciton states (Tn, n>2) and high photoluminescence...
ZTF J153932.16+502738.8 (ZTFJ1539) is an eclipsing double-white-dwarf system with an orbital period of 6.91 minutes, and is a significant source of LISA detecting gravitational wave. However, the massive white dwarf (WD) with mass of about 0.61 M ⊙ has a high effective temperature (48900 K), and the lower mass WD with mass of about 0.21 M ⊙ has a low effective temperature(<10000 K). It is challenging the popular theory of binary evolution. We investigate the formation of ZTFJ1539 via nova and Algol scenarios. Assuming that the massive WD in ZTFJ1539 just experiences a thermalnuclear runaway, nova scenario can explain the effective temperatures of two WDs in ZTFJ1539. However, in order to enlarging a semi-detached orbit of about 4-5 minutes to a detached orbit of about 7 minutes, nova scenario needs a much high kick velocity of about 200 km s −1 during nova eruption. The high kick velocity can result in high eccentricity of about 0.2-0.6. Algol scenario can also produce ZTFJ1539 if we take a high efficient parameter for ejecting common envelope and enhance the mass-loss rate via stellar wind trigger by tidal effect.
Mechanical deicing is a method to remove the ice on the pavement surface, and the ice strength directly affects the difficulty and effectiveness of the mechanical deicing. This paper aims to investigate the compression strength of ice to facilitate the deicing equipment to crush ice. In this paper, a large-scale freezing laboratory is employed to simulate low-temperature environment, and the uniaxial unconfined compressive tests of artificial freshwater ice under different temperature conditions are carried out through the uniaxial loading system. The compressive strength and modulus of ice are obtained when the substrate is asphalt pavement. The test result shows that the ice compressive strength and modulus respectively distribute from 0.36 to 3.67 MPa and 11.7 to 359.1 MPa when ice temperature varies from −0.7 to −7.5 • C. The relations between ice temperature and compressive strength are approximately in a linear manner, while the relation of compressive modulus and ice temperature shows good power function and exponential relationships, respectively, when ice temperature ranges from −8 to −5 • C and from −5 to 0 • C. Furthermore, the failure mechanism of ice under relatively lower temperature is due to the development of cut-through cracks inside the ice. The failure mode divides into shear failure and ductile failure and the failure ice is mainly composed of large ice strips and bulks. For the ice with relatively higher temperature especially the ice close to melting point temperature, the ice failure mode is compressive and ductile, and the failure ice is mainly composed of granular ice crystals.
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