Foreign language learning is not only about grammar or vocabulary but also life skill to be able to communicate. Furthermore, mastering culture along with learning language is essential. Language learners must have knowledge of cultural understanding because every language reflects many kinds of cultures. The same thing can happen between Indonesian and German. If the communication is not good, it could lead to something negative, especially when the communications are related to business cooperation as well as other important partnerships. So, in foreign language learning, teachers must teach the cultures of both the native and foreign language too, so that learners can understand differences between German and Indonesian culture. This research is a kind of literature review research. The literatures were based on the result of previous studies on cultural differences in verbal communication between German and Indonesian culture. It is also supported by observing and studying reference system to generate appropriate learning strategies. The study reveals that there are various strategies that can be implemented to enable students to understand cultural differences. There is some cultural knowledge in communications which can be given by providing information, while some others need to be practiced in the classroom and also to be applied in the real communication practices. In learning and understanding cultural differences, we can focus on the empowerment of student centered learning, by asking students to explore these differences, select which should be practiced and applied, as well as decide which activities that should always be supervised by the teacher, so misunderstanding would not occur.
Background and aims: Cardiovascular disease is the main complication and cause of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The main cause of complication in T2DM is oxidative stress caused by insulin resistance, hence it can increase lipid profiles (cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides) which exacerbates endothelial dysfunction. Among various functional foods with antioxidant effects, probiotic foods have been reported to suppress oxidative stress, and also improve the fasting blood glucose (FBG) and lipid profile in patients with T2DM. The aim of this clinical trial is to study the effects of probiotics and conventional yogurt on FBG and lipid profile in patients with T2DM. Material and method: Thirty-eight patients with T2DM, aged 30 to 60 years old, were assigned to two groups in this randomized, doubleblind, controlled clinical trial. The subjects in the intervention group consumed 100 ml/day probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12, whereas subjects in the control group consumed 100 ml/day conventional yogurt for four weeks. Anthropometric indices, dietary intake, physical activity, serum FBG, and lipid profile were evaluated at the beginning and end of the intervention. Results: Consumption of 100 mL/day conventional yogurt could significantly reduce the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, whereas probiotic yogurt could not reduce FBG significantly. Although the total cholesterol and triglyceride were not improved after yogurt consumption, both type of yogurt could improve HDL-C level. Conclusion: Both conventional yogurt or probiotic yogurt could be used as functional food since it improved the HDL-C in type 2 DM patients.
Studi Pengendalian Banjir Sungai Kalidawir Tulungagung merupakan studi penanggulangan terhadap masalah banjir yang terjadi di wilayah Kalidawir. Saat musim penghujan datang, terjadi debit banjir yang besar menyebabkan beberapa wilayah sepanjang kalidawir rawan terhadap banjir bandang tadi. Hal ini terjadi karena kapasitas penampang dari hulu yang semula mampu menampung debit banjir kemudian berubah semakin mengecil karena berada di dekat sawah dan pemukimam penduduk. Karena itu diperlukan analisa hidrologi untuk mengetahui debit banjir rencana dan analisa hidrolika dengan Hec.Ras 4.1.0 untuk mengetahui kapasitas sungai Kalidawir eksisting. Upaya Pengendalian banjir yang dilakukan dengan cara normalisasi. Upaya Normalisasi sejauh 8767.5 meter dilakukan dengan beberapa pekerjaan seperti pengerukan sedimen, perencanaan krib, perencanaan ambang (Ground sill) ditambah analisa hidrolika perubahan penampang.
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