Studies on politeness strategies have been carried out in various fields. However, the study in the context of oral and written interactions is still limited. The purpose of this study is to present the use of students' language politeness strategies in oral and written interactions and to reveal the causes of differences in their choice of use. The primary data in this study were 50 instant message texts between students and lecturers. Data were analyzed using the categorization of politeness strategies from Brown & Levinson (1987), which was supported by data from interviews with 7 participants. This study found that 4 out of 5 categories of politeness strategies were used by students, which were dominated by negative politeness strategies. It indicates an awareness of the asymmetric power relationship between the two, which makes them feel the need to be careful so that what is conveyed does not threaten their faces. In addition, it was found that the reasons behind the variation in the use of politeness strategies were related to educational ritualism, looseness of domination of power, the intensity of interaction, and the purpose of sending messages.
Corrective feedback needs to be used carefully to treat young learners’ oral errors as it should not inhibit learners from communicating. This study aims to investigate the use of corrective feedback strategies by informal English training center teachers in Bandung. Classroom observation and coding were used to collect and categorize data regarding errors committed by students and teachers’ use of corrective strategies. The study found that pronunciation errors (49%) were most frequently committed, followed by grammar (27%), vocabulary (20%), and the use of L1 (4%) errors. To treat those errors, the teachers apply corrective feedback strategies, which mostly were in the form of recast (46%) and elicitation (35%). Other corrective feedback strategies such as explicit correction (11%), metalinguistic feedback (6%), repetition (1%), and paralinguistic signal (1%) were found less frequently. This study suggests teachers consider several factors such as types of errors, learning factors, and learners’ factors when deciding the corrective feedback strategies.
Code mixing has been widely studied, but the study of it focusing on Indonesian affixation to English words is still scant. Therefore, this study aims at investigating the types of affixes, the change in English word classes, and the morphophonemic processes that occurred on social media, specifically on Instagram. Simak method was employed to collect 90 Indonesian affixed-English words from 3 Instagram users’ photo captions as the data. Furthermore, Kridalaksana (2007) and Ramlan’s (2001) theories of affixation were employed to analyze the data. The findings demonstrate that the most frequently used affix is a prefix, with di- recorded as the highest number. As for the lexical function formed after the process of affixation, this study reveals three forms, namely (a) verb-forming, (b) adjectival-forming, and (c) noun-forming with verb-forming is the most frequently used. Finally, in terms of its morphophonemic processes, it is more common that the base form of the English words is maintained rather than considering the phonological rules as regulated in the Indonesian language. These preliminary findings suggest that such affixation does not consider EYD V due to the informal setting the social media mostly constructs.
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