AIM:To estimate the prevalence of small intestine bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) among patients with an earlier diagnosis of irritable bowel disease (IBS) in our geographical area, and to collect information on the use of locally acting non-absorbable antibiotics in the management of SIBO.
IntroductionElectrical steel sheet is widely used in constructing chambers and enclosures for magnetic shielding typically at power frequencies. In practice, sheets are cut into various shapes prior to forming or joining. The shielding performance can be affected by these processes or more often by holes punched through the sheets. This paper presents the effect of holes on the shielding performance of electrical steels at 50 Hz using a recently developed experimental method [1] and also a 2-D finite element model. Experiments A 6 mm diameter hole was drilled at the centre of 500 mm square sheet of 0.5 mm thick, non oriented electrical steel. The sample was placed on top of a steel cylinder as shown in figure 1. The magnetizing coil produces a field and the shielding effect of the sample is measured by means of a Hall Probe. The vertical component of field was measured with and without the sample present at the same magnetising current. The shielding factor, SF, defined as the ratio of the measured field without the sample present to the value when the sample was in position, was calculated. Figure 2 shows the variation of SF with the applied field measured at position A with no sample present. It can be seen that the SF only fell by around 5 % at 40 mm above the sample due to the presence of the hole but it fell by 25 % 5 mm above the sample . Modelling Vector Fields 2-D finite element modelling package was used to conduct the numerical analysis. Because of the symmetry, it was only necessary to model half of the geometry. The measured 50 Hz B-H characteristic of the material was used as input to compute the field distribution in the vicinity of a sample with and without a hole. Figure 3 shows the field distribution when the applied field was 327A/m at the centre of sample. It can be seen that field leakage through the hole is not very high.
Abstract. Hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) regulates the transcription of a number of genes under hypoxia and other extracellular or intracellular stimulations. It also promotes angiogenesis, tumor metastasis and invasion. To investigate the effect of hypoxia and reoxygenation on cell proliferation, invasion and adhesion, which are all related to ovarian cancer, we applied chemically-induced hypoxia in the cultured human ovarian carcinoma cell line, HO-8910PM. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR results show that CoCl 2 induces the expression of HIF-1α in a time-and dose-dependent manner. MTT assay results show that CoCl 2 -induced hypoxia inhibits cell proliferation which is recovered by reoxygenation. The Boyden and cell adhesion test results indicate that CoCl 2 -induced hypoxia inhibits cell invasion and adhesion which are markedly enhanced by reoxygenation in the human ovarian carcinoma cell line, HO-8910PM. Collectively, our data provide insight into understanding molecular mechanisms of the invasiveness of ovarian cancer under the conditions of hypoxia and reoxygenation.
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