RESUMENLa problemática de la producción agrícola en las regiones áridas y semiáridas reside mayormente en la escasez de agua para riego y en la baja calidad de los suelos, por lo cual, es importante buscar alternativas y formas eficientes de manejo de los recursos hídricos en estas regiones en un marco de absoluta racionalidad y sustentabilidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la capacidad de retención hídrica del copolímero de acrilamida y acrilato de potasio, como mejorador de la implantación y crecimiento de un cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) bajo condiciones controladas. Se compararon dos tratamientos con dosis de 25 y 50 kg. ha -1 versus un testigo de control, con el fin de determinar si el uso de dicha enmienda mejoraba la producción del cultivo. Se evalúa con la emergencia, la supervivencia, el peso fresco y seco de la parte aérea del cultivo y el contenido de humedad del suelo. Las respuestas fueron positivas para la aplicación de la enmienda en la dosis menor dado que aumentó la emergencia de plántulas, supervivencia, crecimiento y en consecuencia su rendimiento, como así también el contenido de humedad del suelo. En conclusión, la aplicación de 25 kg. ha -1 del copolímero en el establecimiento del cultivo de lechuga, mejoró el crecimiento e incrementó su rendimiento.Palabras clave: acrilamida, acrilato de potasio, hidrogel, rendimiento. Volumen 34(1):27-35 ABSTRACTThe main problem of the agricultural production in arid and semiarid regions is mainly the scarcity of irrigation water and the low quality of the soils. Hence, it is important to find alternatives and efficient water resources management practices in these regions within a frame of absolute rationality and sustainability. The objective of this work was to assess the water retention capacity of acrilamyde copolymer and potassium acrylate and how these could improve a lettuce crop (Lactuca sativa L.) implantation and growth under controlled conditions. Two treatments with 25 and 50 kg. ha -1 doses versus a control sample were compared in order to determine if the use of said amendment could improve crop production. The emergence, survival, fresh and dry weight of the aerial part of the crop and the soil humidity levels were evaluated. The answers were positive for the application of the amendment in the lower dose since the emergence of seedlings, its survival, its growth and its consequent yield raised, as well as the moisture content of the soil. In conclusion, the application of 25 kg ha -1 of the copolymer in the of the lettuce crop site, improved the growth and increased its yield.
In order to evaluate the effect of Azospirillum brasilense and mycorrhizal fungi in the soil on the nutrition of the yacon crop (Smallanthus sonchifolius [(Poeppig & Endlicher) H. Robinson]), determinations of agronomic parameters and the health status of the plants were carried out, under field conditions. The tests were carried out, at the time of the implantation of the culture: the propagules were inoculated with A. brasilense and with native mycorrhizal fungi, generating four treatments including the control and the co-inoculation of the consortium of the microorganisms under study (T0: control without inoculation; T1: inoculation with native A. brasilense; T2: inoculation with native mycorrhizal fungi and T3: joint inoculation with A. brasilense and native mycorrhizal fungi). The results indicate that co-inoculation with A. brasilense and with native mycorrhizal fungi, increased significantly the growth of plants in height, leaf area, biomass, dry matter and yields, in field production. It was determined that the application of the selected microorganisms has a promoting effect of plant growth, increasing growth and productivity of the cultivation of yacon.
The capacity as a biological control agent is due to multiple mechanisms, such as competition for nutrients, for space and myco-parasitism. While the fungus of the Trichoderma genus has several advantages as a Biological Control Agent; it takes nutrients from the fungi that it degrades and from the organic matter helping its decomposition. Therefore, the objective of this work was to determine through microcultures the mycoparasitic capacity of native strains of Trichoderma spp. against Verticillum dahliae, etiological agent of olive verticillium wilt. The action and type of parasitism of three native strains of Trichoderma against the phytopathogen V. dahliae was determined using the microculture technique. A trial with a completely randomized design with a 3x2x2 factorial arrangement (3 antagonists x 2 pH levels x 2 lighting levels) was performed. The capacity of each native strain of Trichoderma to exert different types of parasitism under the established conditions was determined. This being considered of great interest since the biocontrol of the phytopathogen is evidenced through physical contact with the native strain of Trichoderma. Therefore, it is of great importance to continue the antagonism studies of different strains of Trichoderma to determine the efficiency of the control of V. dahliae.
To determine the effect of Azospirillum brasilense and soil mycorrhizal fungi on the nutrition of the Jerusalem artichoke crop (Helianthus tuberosus L.), evaluations of agronomic parameters and the health status of the plants were carried out, under greenhouse conditions. The tests were carried out, at the moment of the implantation of the culture: the tubers were inoculated with A. brasilense and with native mycorrhizal fungi, generating four treatments including the control and the co-inoculation of the consortium of the microorganisms under study (T0: control or control without inoculation; T1: inoculation with native A. brasilense; T2: inoculation with native mycorrhizal fungi and T3: joint inoculation with A. brasilense and native mycorrhizal fungi. The results indicate that co-inoculation with A. brasilense and with native mycorrhizal fungi increased plant growth in height, leaf area, biomass, dry matter, and yields significantly in greenhouse production. It was determined that the application of the selected microorganisms has a plant growth-promoting effect, increasing the productivity of cultivated topinambur in the greenhouse
Verticillium dahliae is a soil phytopathogenic fungus that presents a wide range of susceptible hosts, both herbaceous and woody, which are considered of agronomic, ornamental and forestry interest. Among the species of agronomic interest and regional importance are the olive tree (Olea europaea) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), among others. The application of prevention and control measures requires the identification of the etiological agent that causes diseases, for which the objective of this work was to determine the presence, isolation, and identification of the etiological agent of the Olive Verticillium disease that manifests itself in the olive groves of the provinces of Catamarca and La Rioja, the main olive (Olea europaea L.) producing provinces in the Argentine Republic. Sampling was carried out in different olive farms in Catamarca and La Rioja to obtain the material for the isolation of V. dahliae, until obtaining pure cultures and selection of strains. The morphological and molecular identification of the isolates was carried out. The isolation and morphological, functional, and genetic identification of V. dahliae as a phytopathogenic agent of olive verticillium wilt was achieved, in olive plant var. Arauco of the province of Catamarca
The soil is influenced by the roots of plants because the exudate radicals affect its physical, chemical, and biological processes. The aim of this research was to evaluate the microbial activity of soils cultivated with yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius Poep. & Endl) H. Robinson and inoculated with microorganisms which promote plant growth. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with three repetitions per treatment. Each repetition corresponded to a 3m x 3m plot with 25 plants, in 5 cultivation lines with a distance of 70 cm apart. Four treatments were applied at the time of plantation. These consisted of yacón propagules inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense (T1) and native mycorrhizal fungi (T2) inoculated with the microbial consortium (T3). In the control treatments, the propagules were not inoculated with these microorganisms (T0). Soil samples were collected in lots cultivated with yacón located in the Province of Catamarca, in the northwest of Argentina. The samples were collected at the time of implantation and harvest during three agricultural cycles. The total Biological Activity (TBA) of the collected samples was determined by Fluorescein Diacetate Hydrolysis. The TBA of the soil was affected by the different crop treatments, which rose in the analyzed soils and was statistically different from the control treatments. Significant differences were also observed between the TBA of the soils at the beginning of the crops in comparison with the recorded values of the crop at the time of harvest. The inoculation of yacón propagules with A. brasilense and native mycorrhizal fungi affects the TBA of the cultivated soils marking a significant increase.
This review is about two crops, topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus L.) and yacón [Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poeppig & Endlicher) H. Robinson], which due to their properties should be considered as nutraceutical foods. The common characteristics they present are discussed, such as belonging to the same botanical family (Asteraceae), being ancestral crops produced for their different uses (horticultural, forage and industrial), and for generating tubers that store carbohydrates such as inulin and fructooligosaccharides (FOS). In addition, these compounds are considered to have beneficial effects on nutrition and human health, which would allow them to be defined as nutraceutical foods. Therefore, the objective of this review is to contribute to the dissemination of knowledge about the characteristics of topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus) and yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius) crops, in order to improve their production, consumption and use.
The objective of the work was to determine the presence of fixing bacteria free of atmospheric nitrogen in the endorhizosphere of topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus) and yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius), cultivated in the Central Valley of the Province of Catamarca. Roots of each species were collected and the technique proposed by Döbereiner et al. 1 for the isolation of N-free endorrhizospheric fixing bacteriatwo, Azospirillum sp. The isolates obtained were morphologically and physiologically characterized, and three different morphotypes of each plant species were selected for molecular identification. Eleven autochthonous fixative microorganisms free of atmospheric nitrogen present in the endorhizosphere of the crops under study were described, 6 in topinambur and 5 in yacón. All isolates belonging to the genus Pseudomonas. In topinambur, Pseudomonas sihuiensis and in yacón of Pseudomonas alcaligenes, P. resinovorans and P. sihuiensis. The isolation of autochthonous nitrogen-free bacteria native to P. sihuiensis, P. alcaligenes and P. resinovorans is reported for the first time in the endorhizosphere of topinambur (H. tuberosus) and yacón (S. sonchifolius), cultivated in soils of the Central Valley of the Province of Catamarca.
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