An efficient method for modifying the surface of detonation nanodiamonds (5 and 100 nm) with thiol groups (-SH) by using an organic chemistry strategy is presented herein. Thiolated nanodiamonds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques, and the atomic percentage of sulfur was analyzed by elemental analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The conjugation between thiolated nanodiamonds and gold nanoparticles was elucidated by transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis spectrometry. Moreover, the material did not show significant cytotoxicity to the human lung carcinoma cell line and may prospectively be applied in bioconjugated technology. The new method that we elucidated may significantly improve the approach to surface modification of detonation nanodiamonds and build up a new platform for the application of nanodiamonds.

We proposed a simple and high efficiency method for direct thiolation on the surface of the carbon nanotubes.

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composition [14,19] of MNPs. For example, we obtained an SLP of 3417 W metal g 1 − at a field of 33 kA m −1 and 380 kHz in Co 0.03 Mn 0.27 Fe 2.7 O 4 /SiO 2 MNPs. [14] In recent years, great progress has been made on in vivo magnetic hyperthermia treatments of solid tumors. [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] It was reported that tumors in mice can be eliminated after receiving magnetic hyperthermia treatment using coreshell MNPs. [6] Systemically delivered ZnMn-ferrite MNPs were shown to have increased the intratumoral temperature to above 42 °C in mice, which significantly inhibited prostate cancer growth. [28] More recently, studies also focused on heat-triggered drug release and highly efficient heat-induced immunotherapy instead of using heating alone. [20,24,29] In addition to injected or delivered MNPs, magnetic composite implants and magnetic scaffolds were also used for local hyperthermia. [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] The first magnetic hyperthermia was attempted in 1957 for metastasis in lymph nodes. [1] In 2005, the first clinical application of interstitial hyperthermia using MNPs in locally recurrent prostate cancer was reported. [38] Maier-Hauff et al. published results from a Phase I clinical study involving 14 patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. [39,40] These clinical studies were performed using a commercial machine (Mag-Force MFH 300F). A roadmap for magnetic hyperthermia Demonstrating highly efficient alternating current (AC) magnetic field heating of nanoparticles in physiological environments under clinically safe field parameters has remained a great challenge, hindering clinical applications of magnetic hyperthermia. In this work, exceptionally high loss power of magnetic bone cement under the clinical safety limit of AC field parameters, incorporating direct current field-aligned soft magnetic Zn 0.3 Fe 2.7 O 4 nanoparticles with low concentration, is reported. Under an AC field of 4 kA m −1 at 430 kHz, the aligned bone cement with 0.2 wt% nanoparticles achieves a temperature increase of 30 °C in 180 s. This amounts to a specific loss power value of 327 W g g 1 1 m me et ta al l − − and an intrinsic loss power of 47 nHm 2 kg −1 , which is enhanced by 50-fold compared to randomly oriented samples. The highperformance magnetic bone cement allows for the demonstration of effective hyperthermia suppression of tumor growth in the bone marrow cavity of New Zealand White Rabbits subjected to rapid cooling due to blood circulation, and significant enhancement of survival rate.

Reducing nanoparticle (NP) dosage for hyperthermia therapy has remained a great challenge. In this work, efficiencies of alternating current (AC) magnetic field and near‐infrared (NIR) heating are simultaneously enhanced by Zn and Co co‐doping of magnetite NPs. The optimum magnetic anisotropy for maximized loss power under each magnetic field is achieved by tuning the doping concentration. The specific loss power of Zn0.3Co0.08Fe2.62O4@SiO2 NPs reaches 2428 W g−1 under an AC field of 27 kA m−1 at 430 kHz; 12 296 W g−1 under NIR laser irradiation at 808 nm and 2.5 W cm−2; and an unprecedented value of 14 724 W g−1 under dual mode. These values far exceed what has been achieved previously in iron oxide NPs. Ex vivo experiments on sacrificial mice show that while the NP dosage is substantially reduced to that used for magnetic resonance imaging, the surface body temperature of the mice reaches 50 °C after exposure to both AC field and laser irradiation under field parameters and laser intensity below safety limits. This nanoplatform is thus promising for multi‐modal local hyperthermia therapy.