Abstrak PXI adalah salah satu perusahaan di Kabupaten Bekasi yang bergerak di bidang jasa layanan laboratorium. Dalam menjalankan kegiatannya, PXI menghasilkan logam arsen ke lingkungan. Keberadaan arsen di dalam air limbah PXI harus segera diselesaikan agar tidak mencemari lingkungan dan membahayakan kehidupan manusia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dan deskriptif kuantitatif berdasarkan data hasil laboratorium menggunakan instrumen FT-IR, SEM EDX dan AAS. Tahapan penelitian terdiri dari sintesis, karakterisasi dan penggunaan adsorben alami untuk menurunkan logam arsen pada air limbah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan adsorben alami kitosan dan karbon aktif ampas kopi 1,4 gram dapat menghasilkan efisiensi penurunan logam arsen tertinggi sebesar 86,18% dengan konsentrasi akhir sebesar 0,79 mg/L. Namun hasil tersebut belum memenuhi baku mutu logam arsen yang ditetapkan Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 12 Tahun 2020. Sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penurunan logam arsen. Abstract PXI is one of the companies in Bekasi Regency which is engaged in laboratory services. In carrying out its activities, PXI produces arsenic metal into the environment. The presence of arsenic in PXI wastewater must be resolved immediately so as not to pollute the environment and endanger human life. The method used in this study is an experimental and quantitative descriptive method based on laboratory data using FT-IR, SEM EDX and AAS instruments. The research stages consisted of synthesis, characterization and the use of natural adsorbents to reduce arsenic metal in wastewater. The results showed that the use of chitosan natural adsorbent and 1.4 gram coffee grounds activated carbon could produce the highest arsenic metal reduction efficiency of 86.18% with a final concentration of 0.79 mg/L. However, these results do not meet the quality standard for arsenic metal as stipulated by the Regulation of the Minister of the Environment Number 12 of 2020. So it is necessary to do further research to increase the efficiency of reducing metal arsenic.
ABSTRAKLogam berat merupakan salah satu bahan kimia berbahaya yang dapat menimbulkan bahaya bagi lingkungan dan makhluk hidup karena memiliki toksisitas yang tinggi dan tidak dapat terbiodegradasi sehingga menjadi bioakumulasi pada rantai makanan. Dalam limbah cair yang dihasilkan pada industri tekstil terdapat salah satu logam berat yaitu timbal (Pb) yang digunakan sebagai pengikat zat warna. Salah satu metode penghilangan logam berat pada limbah cair yaitu metode adsorpsi menggunakan biosorben. Biosorben yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah campuran antara kitosan dan karbon aktif dari ampas teh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menentukan efektivitas penurunan konsentrasi Pb menggunakan adsorben alami dengan kombinasi kitosan dan ampas teh. Tahap awal dilakukan pengujian kandungan logam berat pada PT PXI dan diperoleh kandungan awal logam Pb sebesar 1,02 mg/L. Kemudian dilakukan sintesis adsorben hasil kombinasi kitosan dan karbon aktif dari ampas teh. Hasil karakterisasi diperoleh kadar karbon terikat sebesar 78,09%. Karakterisasi dilanjutkan untuk mengetahui sifat fisika dan kimia biosorben dilakukan menggunakan FTIR dan SEM-EDS. Hasil karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR didapatkan gugus fungsi O-H yang berperan dalam proses adsorpsi, hasil SEM-EDS menunjukan peningkatan kualitas struktur pori dan komposisi unsur dari kitosan yang telah di sintesis dengan ampas teh. Biosorben kombinasi kitosan dan karbon aktif dari ampas teh diaplikasikan sebagai adsorben dalam penghilangan logam berat Pb pada limbah industri tekstil PT PXI dengan variasi massa adsorben. Analisa konsentrasi Pb dilakukan menggunakan AAS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan penambahan karbon aktif ampas teh sebesar 1,4 gr menghasilkan persen efektivitas tertinggi dalam penghilangan logam berat Pb sebesar 90,6% dan dapat menurunkan konsentrasi hingga 0.1 mg/L sehingga dapat memenuhi baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan.ABSTRACTHeavy metal is one of the hazardous chemicals that can pose a danger to the environment and living things because it has high toxicity and cannot be biodegraded so that it becomes bioaccumulation in the food chain. In the liquid waste produced in the textile industry there is one heavy metal, namely lead (Pb) which is used as a dye binder. One method of removing heavy metals in liquid waste is the adsorption method using a biosorbent. The biosorbent used in this research is a mixture of chitosan and activated carbon from tea dregs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of reducing Pb concentration using a natural adsorbent with a combination of chitosan and tea dregs. The initial stage was testing the heavy metal content of PT PXI, the initial Pb content was 1.02 mg/L. Then the synthesis of the adsorbent resulting from the combination of chitosan and activated carbon from tea dregs was carried out. The results of the characterization obtained bound carbon content of 78.09%. Characterization was continued to determine the physical and chemical properties of biosorbents using FTIR and SEM-EDS. The results of characterization using FTIR obtained O-H functional groups that play a role in the adsorption process, the SEM-EDS results showed an increase in the quality of the pore structure and elemental composition of chitosan that had been synthesized with tea dregs. Biosorbent combination of chitosan and activated carbon from tea dregs was applied as an adsorbent in the removal of heavy metal Pb in textile industry waste PT PXI with variations in adsorbent mass. Pb concentration analysis was carried out using AAS. The results showed that the addition of 1.4 g of tea dregs activated carbon produced the highest percentage of effectiveness in the removal of heavy metal Pb by 90.6% and could reduce the concentration to 0.1 mg/L so that it could meet the required quality standards.
PT. X Indonesia (PXI) is a company engaged in laboratory services in Bekasi Regency. Based on a preliminary study, the concentration of cadmium and lead in wastewater shows that it exceeds the quality standard of PerMenLHK No. P12 of 2020. The presence of cadmium and lead in PXI's wastewater must be resolved immediately to avoid dangerous human activities and polluting the environment. The research was initiated by taking wastewater samples and synthesizing the adsorbent from the combination of chitosan and activated carbon from coffee grounds. The method used in this study is an experimental approach with quantitative descriptive methods based on laboratory data using FT-IR, SEM EDX and AAS instruments. The results showed that chitosan biosorbent and 1.4-gram coffee grounds activated carbon resulted in the highest cadmium metal reduction efficiency of 94.35% and led to a metal reduction efficiency of 90.86%. The results concluded that the adsorbent of chitosan-activated carbon coffee grounds is very effective in reducing cadmium and lead metals in the wastewater of PXI. This research needs to follow up by increasing the mass of activated carbon of coffee grounds to meet quality standards.
Industri tekstil sebagai salah satu komoditas unggulan industri di Indonesia, yang dalam proses produksinya menggunakan bahan pewarna berupa dyes berpotensi menyebarkan logam berat yang terkandung dalam limbahnya apabila limbah cair hasil produksi industri tekstil tidak diolah dengan baik. Salah satu metode penghilangan logam berat pada limbah yaitu menggunakan metode adsorpsi menggunakan biosorben. Pada penelitian ini telah berhasil disintesis adsorben hasil kombinasi kitosan dan karbon aktif dari ampas teh. Hasil karakterisasi diperoleh kadar karbon terikat sebesar 78,09%. Tahap awal dilakukan pengujian kandungan logam berat pada PT X dan diperoleh kandungan awal logam kadmium (Cd) sebesar 1,15 mg/L dan logam arsen (As) sebesar 5,74 mg/L. Biosorben kombinasi kitosan dan karbon aktif dari ampas teh diaplikasikan sebagai adsorben dalam penghilangan logam berat kadmium (Cd) dan arsen (As) pada limbah industri tekstil PT X dengan variasi massa adsorben. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan penambahan karbon aktif sebesar 1,4 gr menghasilkan persen efektivitas tertinggi dalam penghilangan logam berat kadmium (Cd) sebesar 92,50% dan arsen (As) sebesar 85,32%.
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