Background: Combination therapy has been one of the most pioneering and strategic approaches implemented for malignancy treatment, which can intentionally influence multiple signaling pathways involved in cancer growth and progression. In the present study, the effects of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in combination with everolimus (EVE) or lithium chloride (LiCl) were evaluated in 4T1 metastatic breast cancer cells and compared to control and each other. Methods and results: The resazurin assay, CompuSyn, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR were used to investigate cell proliferation, drug synergism, apoptosis, and gene expression. In comparison to the ternary combination of the drugs, the findings showed that cytotoxicity (p-value < 0.0001) and apoptosis (p-value < 0.0001) of two-by-two combinations increased dramatically as a consequence of the extreme synergy between 5FU and EVE or LiCl. Moreover, the hypoxiainducible transcription factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) downregulated considerably compared to control (p-value < 0.0001) by combination therapies of EVE-5FU and 5FU-LiCl; however, only VEGF displayed significant downregulation in comparison to single therapies. Conclusion: The findings showed that the combination of 5FU-LiCl increased cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis significantly more than EVE-5FU but suggests a clinical potential for both to treat metastatic breast cancer encouraging validation of these results in pre-clinical models.
In this study, the restorative effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) synthesized with Origanum vulgare, carvacrol, Hypericum perforatum, and calcium alginate scaffold-loadable calcium alginate on infected wounds with Staphylococcus aureus was investigated in diabetic rats. Eight groups of 12 rats in any group were diabetic by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan. After the rats were anesthetized, 2cm 2 wounds were created and inoculated with bacterial suspension of S. aureus (ATCC 12600) equivalent to the 0.5 MacFarland tube. The hydroalcoholic extracts of Origanum vulgare, Hypericum perforatum, and their active ingredients including carvacrol and hypericin, were prepared, and then TiO2N.Ps. were prepared from them using isopropoxide. The antibiotic methicillin and calcium alginate pad was also loaded as control of nanoparticles embedded in the calcium alginate pad and then the restorative effect on the wound was studied. On days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21, hematoxylin-eosin slides (H&E) of the tissue, angiogenesis rate, and division of fibroblast cells and Masson's trichrome slides were used to determine the rate of collagenization, wound, and extracellular matrix. After the treatment, the size of the wound in the Tio2 N.P. synthesis by Origanum vulgare, Tio2 N.P. synthesis by carvacrol, methicillin, Tio2 N.P., and alginate pad groups of diabetic rats and alginate pad group of non-diabetic rats were determined 7.03
Introduction: Despite large studies on the COVID-19 pandemic, little evidence is available on immune response in recovered patients. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the humoral immune responses (IgM and IgG antibodies) in recovered COVID-19 patients and the role of risk factors and symptoms with respect to the immune responses. Patients and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, which was conducted by call-out method, the serum levels of IgM and IgG antibodies were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 248 recovered patients. Effective factors on immune response were determined. Re-infection was investigated through patient follow-up and using information drawn from the hospital information system. Chi-square, t test, ANOVA, and regression analysis in SPSS 15 and Stata 14 were conducted to investigate the relationship between variables. Results: IgG positivity was 86.3% among our participants. Among those who did not show antibody response to COVID-19 (IgM- and IgG-), the most common symptoms at admission were fever, muscle pain (90.9%), chills and anorexia (81.8%). IgG levels remained positive in recovered patients for over seven months. IgG response showed a significant relationship with body mass index, hospital stay length, smoking, residence place, mortality rate, vomiting, and appetite (P<0.05). The re-infection rate after recovery was only 1.6%. Conclusion: High seroprevalence of IgG antibody against COVID-19 and low re-infection rate in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province was observed. In addition, the effects of factors such as fever, muscle pain, chills, vomiting, and anorexia on immune responses were demonstrated. These results can be used to manage disease control efficiently, and follow up the treatment process and re-infection in the recovered patients.
Introduction: High blood pressure plays an important role in the occurrence of fatal heart diseases. Medicinal plants are an important source for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, including high blood pressure. Hence, the purpose of this investigation was to conduct an ethnobotanical study about medicinal plants used for the management of hypertension in Abadeh, South Iran. Methods: This study was performed in Abadeh, South Iran. Ethnobotanical evidence was obtained through interviews and questionnaires among 12 traditional healers. Demographic information was also received from traditional healers. Ultimately, the information was analyzed by Excel. Results: We highlighted that six species of medicinal herbs from four families were administrated for controlling hypertension. On the other hand, we found that Lamiaceae, Asteraceae, Liliaceae, and Brassicaceae families were the most important families used for the management of hypertension, respectively. In addition, it has been concluded that flowers, leaves, roots, aerial parts, onion bulbs, flowering branches, and petals were recommended parts of these medicinal plants for the treatment of hypertension. Furthermore, the results of this study indicated that all of the mentioned medicinal plants were consumed as a decoction for the treatment of hypertension. Conclusion: The mentioned medicinal plants showed beneficial effects against hypertension. Therefore, additional investigations about the therapeutic role of phytochemical constituents presented in these medicinal plants could increase the acceptance of the use of these herbs.
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