This review aims to provide an update on the role of augmented reality (AR) in surgical training and investigate whether the use of AR improves performance measures compared to traditional approaches in surgical trainees. PUBMED, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, British Library and Science Direct were searched following PRIMSA guidelines. All English language original studies pertaining to AR in surgical training were eligible for inclusion. Qualitative analysis was performed and results were categorised according to simulator models, subsequently being evaluated using Messick’s framework for validity and McGaghie’s translational outcomes for simulation-based learning. Of the 1132 results retrieved, 45 were included in the study. 29 platforms were identified, with the highest ‘level of effectiveness’ recorded as 3. In terms of validity parameters, 10 AR models received a strong ‘content validity’ score of 2.15 models had a ‘response processes’ score ≥ 1. ‘Internal structure’ and ‘consequences’ were largely not discussed. ‘Relations to other variables’ was the best assessed criterion, with 9 platforms achieving a high score of 2. Overall, the Microsoft HoloLens received the highest level of recommendation for both validity and level of effectiveness. Augmented reality in surgical education is feasible and effective as an adjunct to traditional training. The Microsoft HoloLens has shown the most promising results across all parameters and produced improved performance measures in surgical trainees. In terms of the other simulator models, further research is required with stronger study designs, in order to validate the use of AR in surgical training.
Open primary balloon gastrostomy (PBG) presents an potentialalternative to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in children as it obviates the need for change under general anaesthetic (GA), however the complication profile of PBGcompared to PEG is not well defined.Previous series comparing the two have been hampered by the two groups not being equivalent.Our paediatric surgical centre has offeredPBG as an alternative PEG since 2014. We used a matched case-control study to compare outcomes forPBG and PEG. MethodsPatients undergoing PBG were used as "cases"and matched 1:3 by age and diagnosis to patients undergoing PEG, demographics and clinical data as "controls". Primary outcome was rate of complications classified according to Clavien-Dindo(I-V). Secondary outcomes included time to feed and length of stay. Non-parametric, categorical analyses and multivariate logistic regression were performed. Data here presented as median [IQR]. ResultsWe included 140 patients (35 PBG:105 PEG). The two groups were comparable for gender, weight at surgery and follow-up duration. Median operative time was longer for PBG (43min ], p<0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated a statistically significant, higher incidence of symptomatic granulation tissue was more common in PBG (10(29%) vs 6(6%), p=0.0008), this remained significant on multivariate analysis ], p=0.001), nil other complication remained significant nor was overall complication rate statistically different. ConclusionsPBG and PEG have similar overall complication rates, however PBG appears to have a higher incidence of granulation tissue. This observation must be weighed against the need for further GA which is not insignificant in medically complex children.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.