Aim: The study was to fabricate FA nanopowder/Co-Cr-Mo dental alloy nanocomposite using pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and to evaluate bioactivity properties on simulated body fluid. Methods: In this work, the FA nanopowder was prepared by mixing calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ), phosphorouspent oxide (P 2 O 5 ) and calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) in a planetary high energy ball mill using zirconium vial. Fluorapatite (FA) nanopowder was processed in the form of pellet for pulsed laser deposition process. The Co-Cr-Mo alloy was coated with FA nanopowder which was approximately 35 -65 nm at various laser energy, pressure and time. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to analyze phase, crystallinity and size distribution of Co-Cr-Mo/FA nanocomposite. The surface analysis was by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force microscopy (AFM) and Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results: From the results obtained, It was shown that FA nanopowder deposited on Co-CrMo alloy was stable during 14 days of incubation on simulated body fluid. It was also observed that the FA nanopowder coated on the surface of the alloy was still intact after the deposition process, which indicated the bioactivity and biocompatibility of the material. Conclusions: The fabrication of FA nanocomposite based dental alloys (Co-Cr-Mo) using PLD was done successfully. This was confirmed by various characterization techniques, which included XRD, AFM, SEM and EDS.
BackgroundDiabetic patients are at increased risk of developing cardiac events and stroke, and prevention of diabetes mellitus is therefore desirable. Marked geographical and ethnic variation in the prevalence of diabetes caused by urbanisation, demographic and epidemiological transitions has rendered this one of the major non-communicable diseases in South Africa. Duplex ultrasound (DUS) plays an important role in primary health care in early detection of carotid atherosclerotic disease and the degree of carotid stenosis present. It is a reliable, cost-effective and non-invasive diagnostic tool. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of ultrasound in carotid stenosis management in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of carotid stenosis in a selected T2DM population using DUS and to correlate these findings with other predisposing atherosclerotic risk factors.MethodsThe study setting was at an academic hospital in the Western Cape using carotid DUS reports of 103 diabetic subjects ≥ 35 years old. Predisposing risk factors were correlated with degree of carotid stenosis present. Data were analysed using the Fischer exact test, Chi-square and Student t-test.ResultsCarotid DUS reports of 63 out of 103 T2DM patients revealed no evidence of a carotid stenosis, thereby lowering the risk profile. Forty patients were identified as having carotid stenosis; 22 symptomatic patients had a > 70% carotid stenosis which warranted surgical intervention. A greater prevalence of stenosis in the Caucasian group, in both the male (p = 0.0411) and female (p = 0.0458) cohorts, was noted. The overall trend suggested a relationship between T2DM and lifestyle, and a statistically significant relationship (p = 0.0063) between smoking and carotid stenosis was observed.ConclusionT2DM and predisposing atherosclerotic risk factors significantly increased the possibility of carotid stenosis development.
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