Knowing the dimensions of the vertebral elements is very important for the development of instrumentation related to cervical spine. Ethnic variations have been reported in these dimensions. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the metrical details of first and second cervical vertebrae to correct the instability of atlantoaxial joint, and to analyze the morphological features to understand the ergonomics of the craniovertebral joints. This study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy S. M. S. Medical college jaipur. Total 150 (75 atlas and 75 axis) cervical vertebrae were evaluated. All the measurements were taken in bilateral manner using Digital Vernier Calipers with .01 precision. Calculated mean value for width of atlas in our study was 69.03 mm. In present study the observed mean value for anterioposterior diameter of vertebral canal of atlas was 25.52 mm. and transverse diameter was observed as 21.98 mm. Mean value for height of anterior arch of atlas was 7.42 mm and for posterior arch height was calculated 5.3 mm. The mean value of Anterioposterior diameter of Rt. and Lt. Superior articular facet was calculated 17.99 and18.29 mm and transverse diameter was observed as 7.81±1.28 and 8.33±1.54 mm. In our present study anterioposterior diameter of inferior articular facet of atlas was calculated as 13.35±1.50mm and 13.38±1.65 respectively for right and left side and transverse diameter was observed as 6.86±1.32 mm and 6.92±1.44 mm for right and left side. Calculated mean value for width of dens was observed 6.64±0.992mm and mean value of dens length was 12.95 mm. Calculated mean value for A-P diameter of vertebral canal was observed 16.48±1.12 mm and transverse diameter of vertebral canal was calculated as 19.81±1.18 mm. Calculated A-P diameter of Rt. Superior articular facet of axis was 14.65±1.44 mm and for Lt. It was calculated 14.65±1.44 mm and transverse diameter was calculated as 13.38 ±1.65. For inferior articular facet mean value of anterioposterior diameter were observed as 13.35±1.50 and 13.38 ±1.65 mm for right and left side respectively and transverse diameter was evaluated as 6.86 and 6.92 mm for right and left side. Morphometric data's can provide more accurate measurements of anatomical elements of cervical spine that could facilitate diagnosis and preoperative planning and will allow for more accurate modeling of this region.
Background: The present study was conducted for analysis of the morphometry shape and determination of sex by foramen Magnum.
Methods: After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria 30 dried human skull of unknown age and sex were slected for present study from the Department of anatomy, S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan. In case of skull bones, all 30 cranial bases were visually assessed for FM shape classification. Each FM shape was classified into one of the 8 types: oval, egg, round, tetragonal, pentagonal, hexagonal, combination of 2 different semicircles and irregular.
Results: The mean anteroposterior diameter of foramen magnum male and female skull bones were found to be 37.17±1.76 mm and 33.92±3.50 mm respectively.The mean transverse diameter of foramen mgnum in male and female skull bones were found to be 29.49±2.68 mm and 29.38±2.47 mm respectively.The mean area of foramen magnum male and female skull bones were found to be 818.05±119.66 mm² and 847.57±105.85 mm² respectively.The mean index of foramen magnum in male and female skull bones were found to be 84.00±5.41 and 80.27±5.79 respectively.Overall skull bones showed a medium type of foramen magnum index .
Conclusion: We concluded that the several anatomic parameters such as shape and dimensions of foramen magnum should be taken into consideration during surgery involving the craniovertebral junction. Also these can be used during forensic and anthropological investigation of unknown individuals for determining gender, ethnicity, etc
Keywords: Skull, foramen magnum, skull.
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