Currently, the number of approved veterinary medicines are limited, and human medications are used off-label. These approved human medications are of too high potencies for a cat or a small dog breed. Therefore, there is a dire demand for smaller doses of veterinary medicines. This study aims to investigate the use of three semi-solid extrusion 3D printers in a pharmacy or animal clinic setting for the extemporaneous manufacturing of prednisolone containing orodispersible films for veterinary use. Orodispersible films with adequate content uniformity and acceptance values as defined by the European Pharmacopoeia were produced with one of the studied printers, namely the Allevi 2 bioprinter. Smooth and flexible films with high mechanical strength, neutral pH, and low moisture content were produced with a high correlation between the prepared design and the obtained drug amount, indicating that the Allevi 2 printer could successfully be used to extemporaneously manufacture personalized doses for animals at the point-of-care.
The study was aimed at assessing the extent of live shrink loss (%) experienced by the broilers during transportation from the points of production to marketing centres. A total of 2.42 million broilers weighing 4717 MT brought by 1248 truck loads into Chennai city, Tamil Nadu, India for marketing were involved. The study period covered three different seasons namely rainy, winter and summer, the distance of transportation was classified as less than 100 km, 101-200 km, 201-300 km and above 300 km and the duration of transportation was classified as less than three hours, 3-6, 6-9 and above nine hours. The season of transport did not influence live shrink loss (%), while a linear increase in such a loss was witnessed with increase in both the distance or duration of transport. Consequent economic loss due to live shrink loss suffered by the Indian poultry meat industry was estimated to be around INR. 2,905 crores annually. Administration of B complex vitamins and ascorbic acid at the suggested levels were found to be useful in significantly (P 0.01) reducing live shrink loss during transportation of broilers.
Kidney transplantation is the most effective therapy for patients with end‐stage renal disease. However, antibody‐mediated rejection (ABMR) threatens long‐term survival of renal grafts. Although ABMR can be controlled by donor‐specific antibody clearance and B‐ or (and) plasma‐cells inhibition, the treatment often causes severe side effects in patients. Therefore, there is need to explore site‐specific scavengers. In this study, a nanovehicle carrying an anti‐inflammatory drug is developed with complement component 4d targeting, a specific biomarker expressed on allograft endothelium under ABMR. Moreover, the nanovehicle is endowed with photothermal properties to control drug release. Analysis through systematic in vitro and in vivo toxicity, non‐invasive targeted imaging, and in situ remote controlled drug release show the nanovehicle specifically targets allograft kidney endothelium, releases an anti‐inflammatory drug, methylprednisolone, locally upon laser irradiation, and promotes recovery of injured endothelium, without affecting systemic inflammation or innate immune responses. This strategy has the potential for future clinical application in ABMR treatment.
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