Perlite was utilized as an adsorbent for the removal of malachite green from their aqueous solution. The effects of the initial dye concentration, contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, and temperature were studied for the adsorption of malachite green in batch mode. The dye adsorption equilibrium was rapidly attained after 40 min of contact time. Adsorbent was characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm described the adsorption data over the concentration range (20 100 mg/L). The rate parameters of the intra particle diffusion were calculated and compared to identify the adsorption mechanisms. The thermodynamic parameters such as entropy change, enthalpy change, and energy of adsorption were calculated to know the nature of adsorption. The negative values of energy of adsorption and the positive values of enthalpy change suggested that the adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic. Kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process obeyed the pseudo first-order kinetic model.
Oil separation from Putranjiva roxburghii seeds (non-edible urban waste) was carried out by solvent extraction method. The parameters of solvents suitability, extraction time, and aging of seeds were optimized in order to enhance the yield of bio-oil. The properties like Acid value, calorific value, flash point, saponification value, iodine number, specific gravity, fire point and kinematic viscosity were characterized. Bio-oil composition and functional groups were characterized using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). Maximum bio-oil yield of 43 % was obtained with hexane at 61° C and up to the time extent of 3.5 hours.
Biosorption of Reactive Red 2 and Reactive Blue 81 dye from an aqueous solution using soya bean meal in a batch system was evaluated. The potential of the meal to act as an adsorbent was determined using Scanning Electron Micrograph and Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis. The effect of sorbent dosage (0.2 to 1.2 g/100 mL), pH (1 to 7) and initial dye concentration (20 to 120 mg/L) on the biosorption process was studied. The equilibrium dye uptake capacity was found to be more at 0.2 g/100 mL of sorbent dosage when compared to all other sorbent dosage studied in the present investigation with the initial dye concentration of 30 mg/L and pH value of 6. The equilibrium dye uptake capacity was found to be more at pH value of 2.0 when compared to all other pH levels studied in the present investigation with the sorbent dosage of 2.0 g/L at 30 mg/L initial dye concentration. The equilibrium uptake value was found to be higher for Reactive Red 2 when compared with Reactive Blue 81 dye. The rate of sorption was investigated using pseudo first and pseudo second order rate equations. The pseudo second order rate expression fit the experimental data well. The equilibrium data was analysed using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. The equilibrium data for both dyes followed the Freundlich adsorption isotherm at 30°C. Intra particle diffusion model was used to determine the mechanism of the biosorption process. In this present investigation, the maximum uptake capacity of Reactive Red 2 dye was observed as 49.04 mg/g using Soya Bean Meal at 120 mg/L initial dye concentration. The adsorption capacity of Soya Bean Meal was found to be comparable with other low cost adsorbents.
The evolving economic concerns and the depletion of natural sources motivate the researchers to look for various alternatives. We started utilizing the bio resources like bio-diesel that is substituted over Petro-diesel. As the needs increasing day by day, it is our responsibility to not to deplete all the resources available now and hence not making the future generation in a great risk. So the idea is to find new sources that we can utilize and to also try to utilize the natural resources around us in a useful manner. In a recent trend, there are more technologies available for utilizing bio-resources in an effective manner. One such kind of bio-resource we can utilize is Putranjiva roxburghii. The ultimate aim of this review paper is to create a limelight on the medicinal values of Putranjiva plant. This current study explains the research works done so far with Putranjiva plant in a detailed manner and also to create awareness on growing Putranjiva plant all over the world. The plant material can be utilized as Anti-oxidant, febrifuge and for anti-inflammatory activities, as biofuel, as an herbal preservative, as an Antioxidant agent and as Trypsin inhibitor. The commercial, as well as medicinal values of Putranjiva, are so attractive, that encourages the authors to write a review over this excellent plant material.
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