AbstrakData tentang faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan sindrom metabolik pada kelompok eksekutif di Indonesia yang diperlukan untuk upaya pencegahan penyakit kardiovaskular sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan determinan sindrom metabolik pada kelompok eksekutif. Penelitian dilakukan di Jakarta dan sekitarnya dengan menggunakan rancangan cross sectional. Jumlah responden yaitu 220 orang eksekutif laki-laki dan 68 orang eksekutif wanita. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pengukuran antropometri, analisis biokimia darah, analisis asupan makanan, pengukuran angka stres, dan pengukuran indeks aktivitas. Analisis regresi logistik ganda dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan beberapa independen variabel dengan dependen variabel. Analisis ini menghasilkan indeks massa tubuh (overweight, odds ratio (OR) = 5,54; obesitas, OR = 7,44) dan rasio total kolesterol/high density lipoprotein (HDL)-kolesterol (OR = 8,83) sebagai determinan sindrom metabolik pada kelompok eksekutif. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemeriksaan profil lipid dan pengukuran antropometri sederhana yang teratur pada kelompok eksekutif penting dilakukan untuk mendeteksi risiko sindrom metabolik.Kata kunci: sindrom metabolik, kelompok eksekutif, antropometri Abstract Available datas on metabolic syndrome among Indonesian executives are limited, despite the fact of the importance of these data for cardiovaskular prevention. The objective of this study was to assess prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associations between anthropometric measures, lipid profiles, blood pressure, nutrient intakes, and life style in executive group. A cross sectional study was undertaken in some factories in Jakarta, using multistage random sampling. The respondents were 287 executives, 219 male and 68 female. Data were collected through anthropometric measurements, biochemical blood analysis, nutrient intake, stress score, and activity index assessment. Multiple logistic regression analysis used to assess associations between independent variables and metabolic syndrome. This study showed that body mass index (overweight, odds ratio (OR) = 5,54; obesity, OR = 7,44) and ratio serum total cholesterol to high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (OR = 8,83) were potential determinants of metabolic syndrome. This study shows the importance of routine check of lipid profile, blood pressure, and simple anthropometric assessment to detect the risk of metabolic syndrome in the elderly. Key words: metabolic syndrome, executive group, antropometric PendahuluanPenyakit utama pada kelompok usia dewasa di Indonesia adalah penyakit tulang dan sendi, kardiovaskular, infeksi saluran pernapasan, dan gangguan metabolisme. Data di rumah sakit dan masyarakat menunjukkan penyakit kardiovaskular yang terdiri dari penyakit jantung koroner, penyakit jantung hipertensi, dan stroke adalah penyebab utama kematian pada kelompok usia dewasa. 1 Sindrom metabolik adalah suatu sindrom yang terdiri dari sekumpulan gejala meliputi peningkatan ukuran lingkar pinggang...

This research aims to develop evidence based affordable psychological therapy for Indonesian older adults. An affordable psychological therapy is important as there is virtually no managed care or health insurance that covers psychological therapy in Indonesia. Multicomponent group cognitive behavior therapy (GCBGT) was chosen as a starting point due to its extensive evidence, short sessions, and success for a wide range of psychological problems. The group format was chosen to address both the economic and the cultural context of Indonesia. Then, the developed treatment is tested to common psychological problems in older adults' population (anxiety, chronic pain, depression, and insomnia). The treatment consists of 8 sessions with twice a week meetings for 2.5 hours. There are similarities and differences among the techniques used in the treatment for the different psychological problems. The final participants are 38 older adults that are divided into the treatment groups; 8 participants joined the anxiety treatment, 10 participants for the chronic pain treatment, 10 participants for depression treatment, and lastly, 10 participants joined the insomnia treatment. The research design is pre-test post-test with within group analysis. We used principal outcome measure that is specific for each treatment group, as well as additional outcome measures. Overall, the result shows statistical significance change with large effect size for the principal outcome measure. In addition, the result for the additional measures varies from slight improvement with small effect size to statistically significant improvement with large effect size. The result indicates that short multicomponent GCBT is effective in alleviating various common psychological problems in Indonesian older adults. Therefore, multicomponent GCBT may be a good starting point to develop an effective and affordable psychological therapy for Indonesian older adults. Lastly, this result adds to the accumulating body of evidence on the effectiveness of multicomponent GCBT outside western context.

Belief in the availability of social support (perceived social support) was known to influence depression and health-related quality of life in SLE patients. This support becomes a psychological resource when they experience negative emotional states such as depression caused by a chronic illness such as SLE. In people whose lives are influenced by religion, such as in Indonesian culture, belief in God's help (perceived spiritual support) is an important variable that needs to be studied because it is predicted to affect patients’ health-related quality of life. This study aims to explain the relationship between perceived social support, spiritual support, and depression to health-related quality of life in a patient with SLE. This cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2021 towards 328 SLE patients selected using the convenient sampling technique. Data was collected through forms that are distributed online and offline. The research sample was SLE patients who were members of a lupus community in Indonesia and lived in several cities in Java. The statistical analysis using a structural model (CMIN/df=103, RMSEA=0.103, CFI=0.972, TLI=0.963). Chi-square value=201,835 (p=0.000) suggested that perceived social support directly affected the level of depression and health-related quality of life on a patient with SLE, while perceived spiritual support affected the health-related quality of life through the mediation of depression, which means that spiritual support affected the quality of life by reducing negative emotions experienced by SLE patients. PERAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL, SPIRITUAL, DAN DEPRESI TERHADAP KUALITAS HIDUP TERKAIT KESEHATAN PASIEN SLEKeyakinan akan ketersediaan dukungan sosial (perceived social support) diketahui memengaruhi depresi dan kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan pada pasien SLE. Dukungan ini diyakini menjadi sumber daya psikologis saat individu berada dalam kondisi emosi yang negatif seperti depresi yang disebabkan oleh penyakit kronis seperti SLE. Pada masyarakat yang kehidupannya dipengaruhi oleh agama seperti di Indonesia, keyakinan akan pertolongan Tuhan (perceived spiritual support) merupakan variabel penting yang perlu dipelajari karena diprediksi memengaruhi kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan mekanisme hubungan antara perceived social support, spiritual support, dan depresi terhadap kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan pasien SLE. Penelitian cross-sectional ini dilakukan dari Maret hingga Juni 2021 pada 328 pasien SLE yang dipilih dengan convinient sampling technique. Data dikumpulkan melalui formulir yang disebarkan secara daring dan luring. Sampel penelitian merupakan pasien SLE yang tergabung dalam suatu komunitas lupus dan berdomisili di beberapa kota di pulau Jawa. Hasil analisis statistik dengan model struktural (CMIN/df=103; RMSEA=0,103; CFI=0,972; TLI=0,963). Nilai chi-square=201.835 (p=0,000) memperlihatkan bahwa perceived social support berpengaruh secara langsung pada tingkat depresi dan kualitas hidup pasien SLE. Sementara itu, perceived spiritual support memengaruhi kualitas hidup terkait kesehatan melalui mediasi depresi yang berarti bahwa spiritual support memengaruhi kualitas hidup dengan mengurangi kondisi emosi negatif yang dirasakan oleh pasien SLE.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the most frequent disorders distributed globally. Many drugs or regimens being used, complication risks, and various factors may induce diabetes-related distress in DM patients. Many studies have found that the presence of diabetes-related distress may provide negative impacts to patients, physically and psychologically. In older  patients, the negative impacts may be worsened by the characteristics of older individuals. Having acknowledged those negative impacts to older DM patients, this study was aimed to learn the influence of cognitive behavior therapy approach to reduce diabetes-related distress in older DM patients. Two participants were selected in this study, both are older   adults with high level of diabetes-related distress. All participants experienced decreased level of diabetes-related distress from their participation in this intervention, as shown during interview, observation, and assessment using PAID (Problem Areas In Diabetes) questionnaire. All participants were able to practice the respective techniques. All participants also understand that the therapeutic success is determined by their independence and their willingness to change by practicing it in daily life.

People suffering from schizophrenia are limited in daily function and working ability, thus making them unproductive and requiring assistance to meet their daily needs. The assistance is usually provided by an informal caregiver. Living with a person with schizophrenia is very stressful and can lead to caregiver burden, a burden borne by the individual who helps family members with a chronic illness. Studies have found that families with low-income status tend to experience high caregiver burden because they lack sufficient resources such as money, knowledge, and skills. Psychoeducation is a way that can be used to mitigate the lack of knowledge and skills in the caregiver. However, there is a lack of documented intervention in managing caregiver burden, particularly for people on low incomes in Indonesia. This study aimed to employ psychoeducation for schizophrenia caregivers to help them manage their caregiver burden. This study consisted of three participants, all female (average age: 50 years old) with low-income status. Participants joined the intervention, which consisted of seven sessions, each of which lasted around 90 minutes. A pre-test, post-test, and a two weeks' follow-up test were administered. Quantitative data were obtained by using the Zarit Burden Interview, Hopkins Symptom Checklist-22, and a General Health Questionnaire, while qualitative data were obtained by interview and observation. Quantitative data indicated a decrease in caregiver burden and psychological distress at the conclusion of the intervention, compared to pre-intervention. Qualitative data showed that participants can better understand how to cope with patients, reduce stress, and take care of themselves at the end of the intervention.

The aim of this study was to understand the relation between principles of self-regulation and health behaviors,including which self-regulation principles used. Using three principles of self-regulation which are regulatoryanticipation, regulatory reference, and regulatory focus (Higgins, Grant, & Shah, 1999) this study examined the role ofthose principles on health behavior among people in DKI Jakarta. The health behavior was divided into healthpromotive behavior and health preventive behavior. This study was conducted to 385 citizens of DKI Jakarta (200males and 185 females with average age is 32 years old). Data analysis using multiple regressions indicated the role ofself-regulation principles on health behaviour