Engine oil is considered as one of the most important classes of environmental contaminant. Removal of dumped waste engine oil is a challenging task because of its persistent nature in the ecosystem. Biodegradation of used engine oil with microbial consortium offers a very promising approach in terms of cost-effectiveness and elimination of secondary pollutants. This study investigates the efficiency of a formulated bacterial consortium in engine oil biodegradation. Four novel bacterial isolates Enterobacter aerogenes, Raoultella sp, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus cereus were selected by soil enrichment technique. The newly isolated bacterial strain was identified by 16s rDNA sequencing as Bacillus cereus strain VCRC B540. Individual cultures degrade 5 ml of used engine oil in 15 days. A polyurethane bioreactor adsorbed with the formulated bacterial consortium was very effective in degrading 75 % of used engine oil at a pH 7 within 10 days. Degradation of used engine by the bacterial strains was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT/IR). Based on the available information, this is the first report discussing the engine oil biodegradation potential of a polyurethane bioreactor and the efficiency of the formulated consortium can be used for the better removal of used engine oil from contaminated sites and different effluents.
The population rise and industrialization has resulted in the uncontrolled and untreated discharges of various toxic chemicals from different industries and these toxic chemicals cause's very serious pollution problems. Microbial degradation of toxic pollutants is one of the important way to remove the environmentally harmful compounds. The microorganisms metabolize or enzymatically transform the chemicals to less toxic metabolites. The present research emphasized on the biodegradation of mono-aromatic pollutants like Benzene, Toluene, Xylene and Phenol (BTXP) by a formulated microbial consortium constituted by Alcaligenes sp d 2 , Enterobacter aerogenes, Raoultella sp and Bacillus megaterium. Statistical design tools have been used for the optimization of different parameters which influencing BTXP biodegradation. The influencing parameters pH, concentration of BTXP and inoculum formulation was identified using Plackett-Burman design and was fine-tuned with Response Surface Methodology. The results specified that pH 6.25 and 250µl of 5% BTXP with the consortium formulated by mixing equal proportions ie, 3 ml of all the four bacterial isolates with OD 1,were found to be optimum for biodegradation. The degradation efficiency of the formulated consortium at its optimized condition was analyses by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT/IR). About 96% of BTXP was degraded from the medium at the optimized condition and the spectral changes in FT/IR also recommended the effective removal of toxic chemicals from the medium.
Polyurethane (PU) tubular coil-based bioreactor was constructed and evaluated for the effective biodegradation of benzene, toluene, xylene and phenol (BTXP). Herein, the removal of BTXP was done with a formulated bacterial consortium adsorbed on the inner surface of the PU coil. The formulated consortium consisted of four bacterial strains namely, Alcaligenes sp. d 2 , Enterobacter aerogenes, Raoultella sp. and Bacillus megaterium. The adsorption ability of the bacterial cells onto the coil surface was assessed by spectrophotometric and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) analysis. BTXP degradation performance was evaluated by Ultra-Violet spectroscopy and the degradation was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT/IR). The bioreactor constructed using polyurethane (PU) tubular coil with adsorbed bacterial cells exhibited 70% degradation capacity of 250 µL of 5% benzene, toluene, xylene and phenol (BTXP) at a pH of 6 within 8 h of treatment. FT/IR spectra of the treated sample indicated the production of ketonic, carboxylic acid/esters during biodegradation. The innovative technology proposed in the current study with the formulated bacterial consortium and the novel bioreactor opens up new possibilities for the better removal of BTXP mixture from contaminated sites and industrial effluents.
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