Pharmacovigilance programs usually aim to gather information on the effect of prescribed drugs in the real world rather than in groups of short-lived and carefully selected clinical trial populations. Adverse drug reactions (ADR) associated with psychiatric medications may vary among different populations. As compared with other fields, in Kerala the research related to ADRs and Prescription patterns in psychiatry is scarce. A hospital based cross sectional observational study was undertaken in the Mental Health Centre, Trivandrum. All psychiatric drugs were closely monitor for adverse drug reaction irrespective of their psychiatric diagnosis. CDSCO Suspected adverse drug reaction reporting form was used for the documentation of adverse drug reaction and the causality assessment was done with naranjo scale .The severity of ADR was assessed using Hartwing scale and Preventability assessment using Modified schumock. In this study it was found the highest incident of ADR was reported with risperidone (24%) followed by valproate (20.1%), clozapine (17%) etc. The patient in psychiatry cant identify the adverse effect due to the cognitive impairment. So special attention is necessary for psychiatric patient to find out the incidence of adverse drug reaction and provide the proper management to them.
According to WHO, Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is defined as “any response to a drug which is noxious and unintended, and which occurs at doses normally used in man for the prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy of disease, or for the modifications of physiological function”. Adverse drug reactions occur almost daily in every health care institution and can adversely affect a patient’s quality of life (QOL), often causing considerable morbidity and mortality. With the setting up of the Pharmacovigilance Program in India, it is important for all psychiatrists, pharmacist and nurses to familiarize themselves with the key principles of this science, and to apply the principle of Pharmacovigilance for the welfare of our patients and the entire health care community. Keywords: Adverse drug reaction (ADR), prophylaxis, diagnosis, patient’s quality of life (QOL)
Polycystic ovarian syndrome [PCOS] is a common disorder, often complicated by chronic an ovulatory infertility and hyperandrogenism with the clinical manifestation of oligomenorrhoea, hirsutism and acne. The aim of this research is to evaluate polycystic ovarian syndrome which includes sign and symptoms, lifestyle and diet conditions along with their common treatment and self-medication practice for dysmenorrhea among pharmacy students, which are more prone to PCOS. A cross-sectional Questionnaire survey was conducted by online survey forms among pharmacy students in Ezhuthachan College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trivandrum. This study investigates the pattern of physical activity, daily dietary intake, the frequency of PCOS symptoms and other previously diagnosed diseases in normal women with and those having PCOS. In this study, most of the students were in the age of 22 [n=17]. About 23.5% of students had acne and it can be worsen during menstrual period. And also about 19.6% of students had hair loss, which are the main symptoms of PCOS. About 15.2% of students were engaged in regular exercise. The benefits of weight reduction in PCOS are well documented, and the use of meal replacements and structured dietary patterns with higher protein content and/or lower glycemic carbohydrates shows promise. Alternative dietary compositions increase the range of dietary options, and could also potentially lead to greater weight loss, maintenance of weight loss or greater improvements in reproductive and metabolic features of PCOS. However continued follow-up is required to sustain weight loss, and probably outweighs the effects of dietary composition.
Primary dysmenorrhea is one of the most common gynecological problems among adolescent females which interferes with daily activities, affecting their physical and emotional aspects and has a negative impact on the quality of life. The pain is usually in the pelvis or lower abdomen. Self-medication for primary dysmenorrhea is a very common practice. The aim of this study was to observe and evaluate self-medication practice in primary dysmenorrhea among pharmacy students. This is a cross-sectional questionnaire study to be conducted among 50 females of age group between 18-25 of pharmacy college. The self-medication practice and features of dysmenorrhea were to be assessed with a 15 pre-validated questionnaire and the data is analyzed using descriptive statistics. A total of 50 students participated in this study in which 81.8% had regular periods. Dysmenorrhea was experienced in 79.6% with mild (30.4%),moderate(23.9%) and with severe(28.3%) dysmennohea. In this study 64.3% preferred self-medication pattern. The majority were Pharm.D students. The most commonly used drug was Meftal spas (mephenamic acid+dicyclomine) and for 96.8% the treatment was found to be effective. Among the 50 students, 57.6% have experienced ADR , majority with decreased blood flow. The Self-medication practice in dysmenorrhea was more among pharmacy students probably due to the knowledge of drugs, better awareness and greater access to drug information during their curriculum. This highlights the importance of creating awareness among students to consume drugs only in severe discomfort after prescription by the registered medical practitioners.
Tonsillitis is inflammation of the tonsils, two oval-shaped pads of tissue at the back of the throat-one tonsil on each side. Signs and symptoms of tonsillitis include swollen tonsils, sore throat, difficulty swallowing and tender lymph nodes on the sides of the neck. The objective of the study is to study the prevalence of tonsillitis in adults, to evaluate which triggering factors contributes to tonsillitis and to evaluate the treatment strategy for tonsillitis. A Prospective survey will be carried out in 49 peoples using the information's gathered from students in Pharmacy colleges in Trivandrum. This study provides the prevalence of tonsillitis. Past history, medication usage, diagnosis, treatment and triggering factors was collected and analysed properly. Also response is recorded. In the current research, a survey on prevalence of tonsillitis in adults was formulated .Approximately, 77% female are affected with tonsillitis than 22.9% of male. Among the responders, 75% have tonsillitis and remaining 25% not. About 13% of patients taken self-medication, 47.8% consulting physician and 41% are taken home remedies. From this study, most of the responders were satisfied with OTC medicines and home remedies and recurrent attack of tonsillitis are increasing day by day to abolish Tonsillitis, to reduce the frequency and severity of recurrent throat infections to improve general well-being, behaviour, and educational achievement with minimal adverse effects.
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