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This study investigated the effect of solid‐to‐liquid ratio (0.4–1.0) on the properties of geopolymer, in which some metakaolinite was replaced by solar panel waste glass (0–40%). The experimental results indicate that geopolymer containing 10% solar panel waste glass at a solid‐to‐liquid ratio of 1.0 has higher compressive strength than geopolymer without solar panel waste glass at 1 and 7 days of curing. Thus, geopolymer containing 10% solar panel waste glass is more suitable than geopolymer without solar panel waste glass for practical applications. Furthermore, the porosity of the geopolymer declined as the density increased. The experimental results showed that the degree of reaction of the geopolymer increased with the solid‐to‐liquid ratio. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra revealed that the principal peaks from the geopolymer corresponded to the Si—O—Al bonds. The scanning electron microscopy of the geopolymer indicated that the main structure of a geopolymer that contained solar panel glass with a higher solid‐to‐liquid ratio was more compact and homogenous, which is consistent with the higher density and lower porosity. The experimental results showed that the solid‐to‐liquid ratio affected the properties of geopolymer considerably. In addition, we observed some positive influence of the solar panel waste glass on the compressive strength of metakaolinite‐based geopolymer; however, it was limited to the early compressive strength. Furthermore, the degree of reaction of the geopolymer that contained 10% solar panel waste glass was similar to that of the metakaolinite‐based geopolymer when the positive influence on the compressive strength diminished. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 797–803, 2013

Thin‐film‐transistor liquid‐crystal display (TFT‐LCD) waste glass can be used as a raw material in the production of geopolymer because of its amorphous and also contains relatively large amounts of silicon and aluminum. The effects of nano‐SiO2 (NS) addition levels (0%–3%) with 1% increments and the geopolymer replacement levels of TFT‐LCD waste glass (0%–40%) with 10% increments were analyzed quantitatively. The optimal geopolymer proportion was identified based on its mechanical characteristics and flexural strength. The geopolymer samples were also analyzed for changes in weight, and a thermogravimetric analyzer and 29Si magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance to measure the short‐range network ordering. The results of this study indicated that the TFT‐LCD waste glass metakaolin (TWGM) geopolymer sample with 10% TFT‐LCD waste glass and 1% NS exhibited greater strength and lower porosity than other samples. Understanding these characteristics is necessary to identify the mechanical strength, thermal stability, and the fundamental structure of a geopolymer system. Applying NS to a geopolymer enhances its compactness, improves its uniformity, and increases its strength. These results show that 10% TFT‐LCD waste glass and 1% NS can be used as a partial substitute for metakaolin (MK) in geopolymer materials. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 947–955, 2014

Abstract:This study presents a discussion on the effects of different solid-to-liquid (S/L) ratios (0.97 to 1.19) and nanoSiO 2 (NS) percentages (0% to 3%) on some properties of metakaolin (MK)-based geopolymers. The setting time and compressive strength were investigated. Mercury intrusion porosimetry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to determine the microstructure of the samples. The results show that a MKbased geopolymer sample added 1% NS with the S/L ratio of 1.03 exhibits more strength and less porosity. Applying NS to the geopolymer enhances compactness and increases strength. Therefore, nanotechnology can be used to improve geopolymers.