Background: One’s appetite has a role in controlling food intake and maintaining energy balance, but its effect on body metabolism related to obesity is still questionable. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of neuropeptide Y in healthy people and to see differences in gender and anthropometric parameters. The hypothesis of this study was that there would be differences in neuropeptide Y levels in groups with gender and anthropometric parameter differences. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study involving 62 study subjects, male and female, who did not have chronic diseases or metabolic disorders. This research was conducted from April to September 2020. The parameters examined in this study were neuropeptide Y levels and anthropometric parameters. The statistical analysis performed was the Mann-Whitney test to see the differences between groups. Results: The mean age of the research subjects was 40.48 ± 10.85 years, with the same ethnic distribution. The distribution of men and women was more women than men. Based on anthropometric examination, it was found that obesity nutritional status was more common in the female group than in the male group; however, serum neuropeptide Y levels were found to be significantly different between male and female groups (male group was higher). Conclusions: The study found significant differences in serum neuropeptide Y levels in male and female groups.
Objective: Diabetic foot is one of the most dreaded chronic complications of Diabetes Mellitus since it can potentially lead to disability and even death. This study aims to identify empiric antibiotics for initial treatment in patients with a diabetic foot infection. Material and Method:This study is retrospective research with a cross-sectional study approach. The sample in this study was 332 people with a diabetic foot infection who were tested for culture and antibiotic sensitivity in 2015-2020 at Haji General Hospital Surabaya. Results: The distribution of respondents based on the history of antibiotic use mainly was Ceftriaxone and Metronidazole, as many as 78 (34.8%), rather than using Amikacin, Metronidazole as many as 4 (1.7%). While the use of no antibiotics was 108 (32.5%). Conclusion: Antibiotic sensitivity, particularly in the two most common types of germs, Clindamycin, Fosfomycin, Cefepime, and Gentamycin, can be considered as empirical antibiotics while waiting for the results of germ culture and antibiotic sensitivity.
BACKGROUND: The working mechanism of Vitamin D in tuberculosis (TB), which is influenced by the work of other vitamins and minerals, remains questionable. This is particularly the case regarding the effect of polymorphism of the Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene. AIM: The objective of this research was to examine the differences in serum levels of 25(OH)D, retinol, beta-carotene, and calcium in TB patients compared to healthy people who have VDR gene polymorphisms (TaqI, BsmI, and FokI). METHODS: This research was a case–control study involving 176 men and women with a pair of VDR gene polymorphisms, consisting of 94 TB patients (TB group) and 82 healthy people (control group) in North Sumatera, Indonesia. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in Vitamin D levels between the TB and control groups (p = 0.001), with Vitamin D deficiency of 85.1% in the TB group and 100% in the control group. Significant differences were found in retinol levels and beta-carotene, but there were no significant differences in calcium levels (p = 0.619). Based on these results, there was a significant difference between the TBC and normal group in 25(OH)D, retinol, and beta-carotene serum. CONCLUSION: This study showed that 25(OH)D serum was higher in the TBC group than the control group, but lower in retinol and beta-carotene serum. There is no difference in calcium serum level in both groups.
Purpose Obesity that occurs in adulthood is influenced by various factors, not only energy balance, especially concerning the amount of energy consumed, but also heredity. The hereditary factors of obese parents on childhood obesity have been studied, but what about adulthood? This study examines the relationship between a history of obesity in adolescence, and maternal and paternal incidences of adult obesity. Patients and Methods This study was a cross-sectional study that included adult men and women aged 20–60 years old. The subjects had no chronic or metabolic disease. This research was conducted from April to November, 2020, in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The parameters studied were demographics, daily food intake, anthropometry and a history of obesity in adolescence, and for the participants’ fathers and mothers. The statistical test used was the chi-squared test/Fisher test. Results This study included 136 research subjects, 60 male and 76 female; based on the results of the study, 47.8% were found to be obese, but food intake showed a low intake (96.2%). There was a significant relationship between a history of obesity in adolescence and incidences of obesity (≥30 kg/m 2 ) in the mother and father, with significance values of p =0.01, p =0.004, and p =0.001, respectively. Conclusion This study found that there was a significant relationship between a history of obesity in adolescence and incidences of adult obesity (≥ 30kg/m 2 ) in parents, but not with the level of food intake per day. The risk of obesity will increase further with a history of obesity in parents and obesity in adolescence, and this can be used to understand and prevent obesity.
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