Student with visual impairment have special needs in the form of Braille to support their reading and writing skills. The ability to read and write Braille is a basic thing that must be mastered by student as the basic skill in the learning process. If the basic skill of reading and writing has been mastered well, it will be easy for children to learn knowledge and information in a more complex learning process. Therefore, it is important to know various ways that can be done in Braille learning for student with visual impairment who are in elementary school. The purpose of this study to examine various ways to learn writing and reading Braille include strategy, method, approach and media. This study was designed use a systematic review method by analyzing 13 articles related to the topic of this study by analyzing data using descriptive analysis. The results of the data analysis in this article content focus of the Braille learning to teaching reading and writing Braille for student can be master reading and writing skills as basic asset in the learning process. However, there are various ways to learning Braille such as strategies, approaches, methods and media that can be used in reading and writing learning, including: word instruction vocabulary, oral Braille reading decoding, individual meaning centered approach, vocabulary flashcards, mangold systems, and short writing (Tusing).
Lack of mastery of receptive and expressive language in students with hearing impairments affects the ability to compose scientific papers. Assistive technology for writing scientific papers can support students with hearing impairments in completing scientific paper assignments at various semester levels. This research aims to develop assistive technology that can make it easier for students with hearing impairments to participate in learning in tertiary institutions to create accessible learning for students with hearing impairments. Sign language application “PESAN KULIAH” (Guidelines for Writing Scientific Papers) is made by adjusting the characteristics of hearing impairments to make it easier to understand how to write various kinds of scientific papers. The method used in this research is R and D with ADDIE type. The results of the study show that the “PESAN KULIAH” application which contains explanation features about the types of scientific papers, writing systematics, and examples of scientific papers and is equipped with sign language videos by Sign Language Interpreters is proven to support the understanding of students with hearing impairments in understanding writing procedures and terms. contained in the preparation of papers, scientific reports, scientific articles, and theses.
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