Objective. Limited educational and job opportunities for youth has led to a phenomenon termed NEET (not in education, employment or training). The objective is to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, substance use and suicidal behavior in youth classified as NEET and to compare with those who study only, work only or do both. Material and Methods. 3 005 12-to-17 year-olds in Mexico City were evaluated in 2005 with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses considered the multistage weighted sample design. Results. NEET youth as well as those who work only or study and work simultaneously have greater odds of psychiatric disorder, substance use and suicidal behavior compared to those who study exclusively even after controlling for social disadvantage. Conclusion. Vulnerability is not circumscribed to NEET adolescents, but to all teens who are not exclusive students. Supporting youth to continue studying exclusively may buffer negative mental health outcomes.
To analyse the changes in eating patterns in Argentina from 1961 to 2011, and to assess changes in overweight and obesity in their socioeconomic and political context, we performed a hierarchical cluster analysis. We used the information from Food Balance Sheets of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation to identify dietary patterns of apparent consumption. Years were grouped into five patterns. The food group with the highest apparent consumption was cereals (30% of total kcal/person/day) although this decreased slightly. Meats were second and their contribution decreased by 12%. The following foods contribution increased during the period: Sugar and milk by 2% and vegetable oils by 6%. The changes observed in the number of kcal/person/day were in line with changes in real wage, and coincided with economic and political crises that Argentina experienced during that period. Changes in eating patterns allow us to interpret that they relate to the increase in overweight and obesity.
Introduction. Medical residents (MR) are an important pillar for a future effective health system. As such, it is important to study all the factors throughout their training that may influence their professional development, like gender-based violence (GV). Objetive. To design and evaluate the psychometric proprieties of subtle GV among medical residents’ assessment scale (SGEVRA). Method. The design was carried out in two phases: (1) in the qualitative phase, three focus groups were interviewed to obtain information about GV during medical training; and (2) in the quantitative phase, the information was incorporated into the instrument and the psychometric properties were tested. Results. A total of 1,645 medical residents (MRs) completed the instrument. Exploratory factor analysis led to a final two factor model comprised of 31 items that explained 74.9% of the variance. The factors were labelled as gender discrimination (factor 1) and sexual violence (factor 2); both demonstrated high internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha (factor 1: .987; factor 2: .935). Discussion and conclusion. The SGEVRA is a brief, valid, and reliable instrument for assessing subtle GV among MR.
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