INTRODUCTIONMany patients develop complications following elective or emergency laparotomy. Some of these patients have to undergo relaparotomy for correction of these complications.Relaparotomy means operations performed with in hospitalization period which is related to initial surgery. Relaparotomy can be classified as early or late, radical or palliative, planned or unplanned depending on time, its goal and nature of urgency. 1Certain predisposing factors play important role in occurrence of surgical complications leading to re laparotomy. Some of the important indications of relaparotomy are anastomotic leakage, septic peritonitis, intestinal obstruction, burst abdomen, intestinal perforation and haemorrhage.1-3 Measures which can be carried out to reduce the incidence of relaparotomy are proper pre-operative work up, use of newer anaesthetic techniques, newer antibiotics and proper antiseptics, better post-operative fluid and electrolyte balance, proper ABSTRACT Background: Relaparotomy has to be performed in case of certain post-operative complications. Incidence of relaparotomy differs according to hospital setup as well as patient characteristics and initial surgery. It also depends on post-operative care given to patient following first surgery and incidence of post-operative sepsis. This study was carried out to know the incidence of relaparotomy and indications of it, so that in the future this factors can be modified and incidence can be further lowered. Methods: This is an observational study in which 75 relaparotomy cases reported during the period of May 2008 to September 2010 were included. All patients irrespective of age and sex, who have undergone re exploration of the abdomen during the period of hospitalization after the first operation and discharge of patients. All the gynaecological and obstetrical laparotomies were excluded. Data were recorded in pre-validated case record form. Results: Incidence of relaparotomy was 2.84%. It was most common in age group of 31 to 40 years; with mean age of 39.25 years. The most common indication of relaparotomy was leak (34 patients); from an anastomotic site (29 patients) or from perforation (5 patients). The mean duration between first Laparotomy and relaparotomy was 6.85 days. The mortality was 34.72% (25 patients). Mean number of days stay in ICU or the patient requires continuous close monitoring was 4.01 days; mean days of hospitalization was 25.72 days. Conclusions: Relaparotomy is lifesaving procedure for patients. Incidence of relaparotomy depends on expertise in primary surgery, proper surgical technique and prevention of post-operative infection.

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Aim and Objectives:To assess Tufts Medical Center obstetrician/gynecologist (OB/GYN) residents' knowledge, beliefs, and previous training in oral health and to assess the effect of an oral health educational seminar on their knowledge and beliefs.Materials and Methods:A preseminar questionnaire was distributed to the residents. The same questionnaire was distributed immediately after the seminar and 3 months later. SPSS Version 21 was used for the data analysis.Results:Convenience sample of 25 residents were included in the study. The mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 29.08 (2.47) years. Only 1 (4%) participant reported receiving >8 h previous training in oral health and 7 (28%) reported receiving <1 h of training. The nonparametric Friedman test showed a statistically significant difference between administrations in terms of total score on knowledge-based questions (P < 0.001) and some of the belief-based questions. The post hoc Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferroni correction showed statistically significant improvement in the knowledge-based questions between pre- and post-seminar questionnaire (P = 0.002) and between preseminar and 3-month follow-up (P = 0.003).Conclusions:OB/GYN residents at Tufts Medical Center received limited training in oral health. Their knowledge improved significantly following the oral health educational seminar. Similar training modules can be brought to other OB/GYN residencies and OB/GYNs in an effort to enhance the symbiotic relationship between medical and dental professionals.