Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), due to its optimal delineation of anatomy, has become the mainstay in imaging for diagnosing Müllerian duct anomalies (MDA). Pelvic MRI is requested for various conditions such as primary amenorrhoea, infertility or poor obstetric history with regard to MDA, as identifying the exact aetiology for these conditions is vital. Knowledge regarding the classification of MDA is important, as the treatment varies with respect to the different classes. As all the lesions do not fit within the classification of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, a new anatomy-based classification was established by the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology and the European Society for Gynecological Endoscopy, to fulfil the needs of experts. We aim to discuss various classes of classified and unclassified MDA with regard to both the above-mentioned classifications and illustrate some of them using various cases based on pelvic MRI studies.

Fungal ball or fungal bezoar is the saprophytic colonization of a pre-formed cavity by a conglomerate of fungal mycelia without invasion of the adjacent tissue. Fungal bezoar is seen commonly in immunocompromised individuals. We describe the cross-sectional imaging characteristics of two cases of renal fungal ball, a rare clinical entity. The first case is that of a 36-year-old female with diabetes who presented with a single fungal ball that caused ballooning of the renal pelvis by coelomycetes, a rare species of fungi. The second case is that of a 45-year-old immunosuppressed male with diabetes who presented with multiple Candida albicans fungal balls and emphysematous pyelonephritis. Awareness about the various imaging findings of this rare clinical entity and a high index of suspicion in high-risk individuals will help in overcoming the challenges in early diagnosis and, thereby, institution of proper treatment.

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