The field of narratology is concerned with the study and analysis of narrative texts. It puts under investigation literary pieces of language and yields an understanding of the components has in its very texture. The aim of this article is to provide insights about the field of ‘narratology’ and its associated subject of study ‘narrative’. It also tries to sketch the main issues concerning these two concepts. For this, the present review is presented in two major sections, each with related discussions about narratology and narrative. The first major part, narratology, will be presented in three sections: the first section, deals with the definitions and origins of narratology. The definitions are inspected and the researchers show how they go from general (encompassing all which is narrated) to more specific (encompassing literary narratives told by a narrator) ones. The second section, focuses on the two phases of narratology which are classical and post-classical ones in which narratology changed its orientations and scope. The last section is devoted to some of the elements and components of which narratology is made up, such as narration, focalization, narrative situation, action, story analysis, tellability, tense, time, and narrative modes which will be elaborated on in more details. The second major part, narrative, will be presented in four sections: first the concept will be defined and introduced. Then the features which make a narrative will be specified and elaborated on. In the third section, some of the elements of narratives like story, discourse, events, and existents are stressed. In the last section, it is elucidated that narrative is not just a written printed genre, rather it consists of performed genres such as plays, films, and operas.
This study attempts to investigate materialism portrayed in The Winner Stands Alone and Crazy Rich Asians. The author uses novels as the object of research, namely the Crazy Rich Asian novel (2013) by Kevin Kwan and the novel The Winner Stands Alone (2008) by Paulo Coelho. In this work, the author used the sociological theory of literature and the theory of social class to analyze the novel. The method used to write this thesis is a qualitative descriptive method. The results and analyzes found in the novel relate to differences in social class and the differences and similarities of materialism in the two novels. This class difference arises from the existence of social class groups in which they classify their social class, namely the upper class, the middle class and the lower class. he does not want to accept the middle or lower class in his group. The difference in social class is measured in terms of power or wealth, privilege and prestige, which affect the position, lifestyle, habits and behavior of the upper, middle and lower classes. This is why the gap between the three classes is so striking. The conflict that arises is a gap in the social status of a group and in life or family relationships.
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